The Influence of Group Situation and Members’ Identity on the Leadership Preference

This study examined the mediation effects of group members’ identity for the relationship between the group situation and their leadership preference. We focused on two dimensions of leadership: individualized – deindividualized, and task oriented - relational oriented. We hypothesized that members’ collective identity may be salient in the intergroup comparison situation (H1), relational identity may be salient in the intragroup cooperation situation (H2), and individual identity may be salient in the intragroup comparison situation (H3). And we hypothesized that the member with salient individual identity may not need any leader (H4), the members with salient relational identity may prefer to an individualized relational oriented leader (H5), and the members with salient collective identity may prefer to a deindividualized task oriented leader (H6). In study 1, the results of a laboratory experiment showed the support to hypothesis 1-3. In study 2, although hypothesis 4 was not able to examined, hypothesis 5 and 6 were partially supported from the results of investigation. Finally, contributions and limits of this study were discussed.本論文は，第1著者が広島大学大学院総合科学研究科に提出した2008年度修士論文の一部に加筆・修正を行ったものである。 また，本研究は第2著者を研究代表者とする日本学術振興会科学研究費補助金（基盤研究C）の助成を受けて行われた

Indocyanine green angiography findings in initial acute pretreatment Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japanese patients

Purpose: Indocyanine green angiography (IA) is a highly sensitive method to evaluate choroidal inflammatory lesions. We present standardized IA findings of initial acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in Japanese patients before therapeutical intervention. Methods: Medical records of patients with VKH disease at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital and Miyata Eye Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. We analyzed six IA signs: choroidal perfusion inhomogeneity, early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels, hypofluorescent dark dots (HDDs), fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal vessels, disc hyperfluorescence, and diffuse late choroidal hyperfluorescence. Results: Ten patients from the two hospitals were studied. The most constant findings present in all eyes were early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels, HDDs, and either fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal vessels. Disc hyperfluorescence was present in 18 eyes. Choroidal perfusion inhomogeneity was seen in six patients, and diffuse late choroidal hyperfluorescence was seen to a certain degree in all eyes. Conclusions: Four of the analyzed signs, including early hyperfluorescent stromal vessels, HDDs, fuzzy or lost pattern of large stromal vessels, and disc hyperfluorescence were consistent findings in Japanese VKH patients. Because the primary lesion is situated in the choroid, IA is the method of choice to monitor disease activity in VKH diseas

肝癌培養細胞株におけるcDNAマイクロアレイ法を用いたゲノム異常解析

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1709号, 学位授与年月日：平成17年9月30日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大

Response to chemotherapy improves hepatic reserve for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and Child–Pugh B cirrhosis

There is no established treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child–Pugh class B cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) according to Child–Pugh score (CPS) and to evaluate the correlation of a patient\u27s response to HAIC with hepatic reserve and outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 377 patients treated with HAIC between March 2003 and February 2015. Subjects included 179 with Child–Pugh class B. Median overall survival was 12.1 months for patients with CPS = 7 (n = 75) and 11.9 months for patients with CPS = 8 (n = 58), which were significantly longer compared with those of patients with CPS = 9 (n = 46, 6.3 months). The objective response rates of patients with CPS = 7, 8 and 9 were 26.7%, 27.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The CPS of responders improved significantly after HAIC, whereas those of nonresponders did not. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that improved CPS, responses to HAIC and absence of extrahepatic lesions were independent favorable prognostic factors. Patients with CPS = 7 or 8 tolerated HAIC, but nine (19.6%) of patients with CPS = 9 were unable to complete one course. HAIC is effective and safe for patients with a CPS = 7 or 8 and improved hepatic reserve of responders significantly. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association

Inflammatory features of pancreatic cancer highlighted by monocytes/macrophages and CD4+ T cells with clinical impact

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most fatal of malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed understanding of PDAC pathophysiology in view of the host immune response. We examined the PDAC tissues, sera, and peripheral blood cells of PDAC patients using immunohistochemical staining, the measurement of cytokine/chemokine concentrations, gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry. The PDAC tissues were infiltrated by macrophages, especially CD33+CD163+ M2 macrophages and CD4+ T cells that concomitantly express programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and interferon-γ-inducible protein-1 in the sera of PDAC patients were significantly elevated. The gene expression profile of CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T cells was discernible between PDAC patients and healthy volunteers, and the differentially expressed genes were related to activated inflammation. Intriguingly, PD-1 was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of PDAC patients. Correspondingly, the frequency of CD4+PD-1+ T cells was increased in the peripheral blood cells of PDAC patients, and this increase correlated to chemotherapy resistance. In conclusion, inflammatory conditions in both PDAC tissue and peripheral blood cells in PDAC patients were prominent, highlighting monocytes/macrophages as well as CD4+ T cells with influence of the clinical prognosis. © 2015 The Authors. Cancer Science published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association

Pilot KaVA monitoring on the M87 jet: confirming the inner jet structure and superluminal motions at sub-pc scales

We report the initial results of our high-cadence monitoring program on the radio jet in the active galaxy M87, obtained by the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) at 22 GHz. This is a pilot study that preceded a larger KaVA-M87 monitoring program, which is currently ongoing. The pilot monitoring was mostly performed every two to three weeks from December 2013 to June 2014, at a recording rate of 1 Gbps, obtaining the data for a total of 10 epochs. We successfully obtained a sequence of good quality radio maps that revealed the rich structure of this jet from <~1 mas to 20 mas, corresponding to physical scales (projected) of ~0.1-2 pc (or ~140-2800 Schwarzschild radii). We detected superluminal motions at these scales, together with a trend of gradual acceleration. The first evidence for such fast motions and acceleration near the jet base were obtained from recent VLBA studies at 43 GHz, and the fact that very similar kinematics are seen at a different frequency and time with a different instrument suggests these properties are fundamental characteristics of this jet. This pilot program demonstrates that KaVA is a powerful VLBI array for studying the detailed structural evolution of the M87 jet and also other relativistic jets.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Jagged1 DNA Copy Number Variation Is Associated with Poor Outcome in Liver Cancer

Notch signaling abnormalities are reported to be involved in the acceleration of malignancy in solid tumors and stem cell formation or regeneration in various organs. We analyzed specific genes for DNA copy number variations in liver cancer cells and investigated whether these factors relate to clinical outcome. Chromosome 20p, which includes the ligand for Notch pathways, Jagged1, was found to be amplified in several types of hepatoma cells, and its mRNA was up-regulated according to α-fetoprotein gene expression levels. Notch inhibition using Jagged1 shRNA and γ-secretase inhibitors produced significant suppression of cell growth in α-fetoprotein–producing cells with suppression of downstream genes. Using in vivo hepatoma models, the administration of γ-secretase inhibitors resulted in reduced tumor sizes and effective Notch inhibition with widespread apoptosis and necrosis of viable tumor cells. The γ-secretase inhibitors suppressed cell growth of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive fraction in hepatoma cells, indicating that Notch inhibitors could suppress the stem cell features of liver cancer cells. Even in clinical liver cancer samples, the expression of α-fetoprotein and Jagged1 showed significant correlation, and amplification of the copy number of Jagged1 was associated with Jagged1 mRNA expression and poor survival after liver cancer surgical resection. In conclusion, amplification of Jagged1 contributed to mRNA expression that activates the Jagged1-Notch signaling pathway in liver cancer and led to poor outcome. © 2016 American Society for Investigative PathologyEmbargo Period 12 month