A Comparison of Factors Affecting Verbal Aggression Between Japan and China: Emotion and Politeness

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of politeness on verbal aggression in the different cultural contexts of Japan and China. Questionnaire research was administered to 195 Japanese university students and 255 Chinese university students. In the questionnaire, students were asked to recall an incident within a week or two in which they got angry. They were also asked to indicate (1) the intensity of their anger, (2) the hostility of the other party, (3) the degree of emotional regulation, (4) the action taken, (5) rational behavioral tendency, (6) social distance between self and the other party, (7) relative power of the other party, and (8) ranking of imposition. Participants\u27 behavior in (4) was categorized into verbal aggression and other. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the data from both countries, with verbal aggression and other categorized from (4) as the objective variables and the remaining variables from (1) through (8), excluding (4), as explanatory variables. The results showed that proximity to the other party increased verbal aggression for both Japanese and Chinese participants. Emotional variables – anger and emotion regulation-affected verbal aggression only among Chinese students

Systems of social networks of delinquent young people

Social networks are considered an ontological attribute of the existence of a modern person. The modern ideas describe an important role of the system of social networks in socialization and adaptation of a person, motivation to the social activity, assistance and support in difficult life situations. The studies of criminals’ social networks show their significance in motivation to crime, formation of criminal ideology. Besides, it is proved that the quality of social networks impacts the prevention and suppression of crimes among teenagers and young people. However, the attitudes of young people towards the social environment and their relationship to it are still not properly studied. Understanding it will allow explaining the impact of the social environment on the criminalization and social rehabilitation of young people. Objective of the research: to study the parameters of social networks of delinquent young people including the comparison with the similar parameters of law-abiding young people. Methods. The data collection method is a questionnaire that describes the parameters of social networks, i.e. volume, stability, homogeneity, subordination, and referentiality. The method of results processing is descriptive statistics and also a non-parametric analogue of the one-way ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis test). The research sample was made up of 220 people of 18-27 years old, 73.5% of respondents were men; among the participants in the research, 115 people have been convicted of committing a crime, 105 people are law-abiding and do not have any criminal record. Results and novelty: New data were obtained about the specific character of social networks of delinquent young people with regard to the small volume of relations, homogeneity of participants, low refenetiality of the social environment; the perspectives of the study of the social networks in the conditions of the social regulation of interaction were determined taking into account the sex and social and cultural specific character

ダイガク キョウイン ノ ケンキュウ イヨク ニ エイキョウ オ アタエル ヨウイン ニ ツイテ : ニホン ノ シリツ ダイガク ノ データ カラ

今日、一部を除いて、多くの大学に勤務する教員は、研究活動と教育やその他の学務との両立の面で、大きな困難に直面している。本研究は、大学教員の研究意欲に影響を与える要因を明らかにするため、大学の組織における研究促進のための方策や資源（物理的・制度的な支援、組織構成の柔軟性）、教育活動と研究活動とのニーズの一致、研究時間の不足といった要因が、教員の研究意欲にどのような影響を及ぼしているかを、質問紙調査により検討した。大学教員1250名に回答を依頼し、314名から有効回答を得た。その結果、先行研究と同様、大学からの物理的・制度的な支援が研究意欲を促進するとともに、大学組織構成の柔軟性が研究意欲を向上させる面と低下させる面の両方を持つこと、教育活動と研究活動とのニーズの一致が研究意欲を促進することなどが明らかとなった。また、研究時間が不足すると教員は教育が研究に結びつくような工夫をする傾向があることが示された