5 research outputs found
Contribution Ă la Connaissance de la DiversitĂ© Ichtyologique et Mode Dâexploitation de Poissons Schilbeidae (Siluriformes) dans le Pool Malebo (Fleuve Congo), R.D Congo
Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif de contribuer Ă la connaissance de la diversitĂ© ichtyologique ainsi que le mode dâexploitation des poissons Schilbeidae (Siluriformes) pĂȘchĂ©s dans le Pool Malebo (fleuve Congo) en R.D Congo. La rĂ©colte de poissons sâest faite mensuellement entre FĂ©vrier et Septembre 2019 dans quatre stations de pĂȘche Ă lâaide des filets maillants (50 Ă 100 m de long et 2,5 m de hauteur et de 8 Ă 50 mm de mailles), des Ă©puisettes (0,5 Ă 2 mm de mailles) ainsi que des palangres de 50 m de long portant des hameçons de n° 7, 10, 11 et 13. Des Ă©changes ont Ă©tĂ© engagĂ©s avec les pĂȘcheurs Ćuvrant dans les stations retenues en vue de dĂ©celer le mode dâexploitation de poisson Schilbeidae. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent quâil y a une diversitĂ© de poissons de cette famille. Huit espĂšces (Schilbe mystus LinnĂ©, 1758 ; S. intermedius RĂŒppell, 1832 ; S. zairensis De Vos, 1995 ; S. congoensis Leach, 1818 ; S. marmoratus Pellegrin, 1926 ; Parailia congica Boulenger, 1900 ; P. occidentalis Pellegrin, 1901 et Pareutropius mandevillei Poll, 1900) regroupĂ©es en trois genres (Schilbe, Parailia et Pareutropius) ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es dans le Pool Malebo. Les poissons des genres Schilbe (62 %) et Parailia (25 %) sont les plus abondants. Au niveau des espĂšces, Schilbe mystus (261 spĂ©cimens), S. intermedius (107 spĂ©cimens) et S. zairensis (26 individus) sont les plus reprĂ©sentatifs. En terme de richesse spĂ©cifique, les stations de Kinkole (8 espĂšces et Hâ = 1,42) et Kinsuka (7 espĂšces et Hâ = 1,205) sont les plus diversifiĂ©es. En termes dâabondance, les mois de Juillet, Juin, Mai et AoĂ»t sont les plus propices Ă la pĂȘche des poissons Schilbe mystus, S. intermedius, S. zairensis et Parailia occidentalis. Les enquĂȘtes rĂ©alisĂ©es ont montrĂ© que ces poissons sont exploitĂ©s rĂ©guliĂšrement et, prĂ©sentent une grande valeur Ă©conomique. Toutes les tailles de poissons sont retenues lors de la pĂȘche pratiquĂ©e avec des engins non sĂ©lectifs, ce qui prĂ©sage une exploitation irrationnelle de poissons Schilbeidae dans le Pool Malebo.
This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the ichthyological diversity as well as the exploitation mode of Schilbeidae fishes (Siluriformes) fished in the Malebo Pool (Congo River) in D.R. Congo. The harvesting of fish was done monthly between February and September 2019 in four fishing stations using gillnets (50 to 100 m long and 2.5 m high and 8 to 50 mm mesh), dip nets (0.5 to 2 mm mesh) as well as longlines of 50 m long with hooks of n° 7, 10, 11 and 13. Discussions were held with the fishermen working in the selected stations in order to identify the mode of exploitation of Schilbeidae fish. The results obtained show that there is a diversity of fish in this family. Eight species (Schilbe mystus LinnĂ©, 1758; S. intermedius RĂŒppell, 1832; S. zairensis De Vos, 1995; S. congoensis Leach, 1818; S. marmoratus Pellegrin, 1926; Parailia congica Boulenger, 1900; P. occidentalis Pellegrin, 1901 and Pareutropius mandevillei Poll, 1900) grouped in three genera (Schilbe, Parailia and Pareutropius) have been identified in the Malebo Pool. Fish of the genera Schilbe (62 %) and Parailia (25 %) are the most abundant. At the species level, Schilbe mystus (261 specimens), S. intermedius (107 specimens) and S. zairensis (26 individuals) are the most representative. In terms of species richness, the stations of Kinkole (8 species and H' = 1.42) and Kinsuka (7 species and H' = 1.205) are the most diverse. In terms of abundance, the months of July, June, May and August are the most favorable for the fishing of Schilbe mystus, S. intermedius, S. zairensis and Parailia occidentalis. The surveys carried out have shown that these fish are exploited regularly and have a high economic value. All sizes of fish are retained when fishing with non-selective gears, which indicates an irrational exploitation of Schilbeidae fish in the Malebo Pool
Evaluation of the Cost of Production of Fish Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 (Siluriformes, Clariidae) with Three Types of Food Based on Local Agricultural by-products in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822 is a catfish with high commercial value in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in several African countries. The breeding of this species is controlled, but Congolese fish farmers are confronted with the problem of a lack of compound feed in the form of granules. The recovery of local agricultural waste would be essential to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of three types of food based on local agricultural by-products on the growth of C. gariepinus. The 25%, 41% and 51% crude protein feed formulas were tested in duplicate for 96 days. Fry averaging 2.20±0.43 g were distributed in 6 closed-loop plastic containers. The fish were fed twice a day by hand. Weighing and measuring took place every 14 days. The results obtained show that the highest final average weight (g) and specific growth rate (%/d) (F = 2.87; p = 0.002) are obtained with food A1: 27.5±1.9 g and 0.25±0.15% /d respectively. It took 812.6 Congolese francs to develop food A1, 942.6 congolese francs to produce the A2 ration and 836.6 congolese francs to produce food A3. The A1 ration is the one that gave a better compromise in price and quality by promoting fish growth at a lower cost (3.827 congolese francs)
SynthĂšse sur lâEtat de Lieu de la Pisciculture en RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo: Enjeux et Perspectives
RĂ©sumĂ© La prĂ©sente Ă©tude analyse lâĂ©tat actuel des pratiques piscicoles en RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo. Plusieurs travaux de recherches scientifiques, rapports techniques et colloques disponibles sur Internet ont servis de base pour aborder cette Ă©tude. Nous avons aussi fait recours aux entretiens avec les spĂ©cialistes du secteur et responsables de la Division dâAquaculture du MinistĂšre de PĂȘche et Elevage. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus tĂ©moignent un manque de performance dans le secteur piscicole en R.D Congo. JusquâĂ ce jour, deux espĂšces de poissons (Clarias gariepinus et Oreochromis niloticus) sont Ă©levĂ©es par la majoritĂ© des pisciculteurs ; la performance des autres poissons ne sont pas testĂ©es. Le systĂšme extensive est celle qui est mise en place par la quasi majoritĂ© de pisciculteurs congolais. La production nationale reste insignifiante et, ne satisfait pas la demande de la population. A la base de cette Ă©chec : le manque de financement et dâappui par les autoritĂ©s politiques du pays, les difficultĂ©s des pisciculteurs Ă trouver les alevins de bonne qualitĂ©, lâinexistence de provenderies dâaliments pour les poissons dâĂ©levage, le manque de maitrise des techniques modernes de production et dâĂ©levage de poissons ainsi que le manque dâencadrement technique de pisciculteurs. Il sâobserve une volontĂ© manifeste auprĂšs de certains pisciculteurs de pouvoir amĂ©liorer leur pratique en vue dâaugmenter leur production en prenant en compte des alĂ©as dictĂ©s par la mise en place dâune pisciculture moderne. A ce jour, il est possible de faire dĂ©coller la pisciculture congolaise tout en augmentant graduellement son rendement. La disponibilitĂ© locale des sous-produits agro-industriels utilisables dans lâalimentation de poissons dâĂ©levage, la poursuite des recherches scientifiques accompagnĂ©es dâune volontĂ© politique des autoritĂ©s du pays de dĂ©velopper le secteur de la pisciculture nous poussent Ă croire Ă un lendemain meilleur.Mots-clĂ©s : Pisciculture congolaise, CaractĂ©ristiques, Contraintes, ProductivitĂ©, Perspectives dâavenir, R.D Congo AbstractThis study analyzes the current state of fish farming practices in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Several scientific research works, technical reports and colloquia available on the Internet served as a basis for this study. We also used interviews with specialists of the sector and officials of the Division of Aquaculture of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. The results obtained show a lack of performance in the fish farming sector in D.R. Congo. To date, two species of fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) are raised by the majority of fish farmers; the performance of other fish is not tested. The extensive system is the one that is implemented by almost all Congolese fish farmers. The national production remains insignificant and does not meet the demand of the population. The reasons for this failure are: the lack of funding and support from the country's political authorities, the difficulties of fish farmers in finding good quality fry, the non-existence of feed mills for farmed fish, the lack of mastery of modern fish production and breeding techniques, and the lack of technical supervision of fish farmers. There is a clear desire among some fish farmers to improve their practices in order to increase their production by taking into account the hazards dictated by the establishment of modern fish farming. To date, it is possible to get Congolese fish farming off the ground while gradually increasing its yield. The local availability of agro-industrial by-products that can be used in the feeding of farmed fish, the continuation of scientific research accompanied by the political will of the country's authorities to develop the fish farming sector lead us to believe in a better tomorrow.Keywords: Congolese fish farming, Characteristics, Constraints, Productivity, Future prospects, D.R. Cong
Contribution Ă la Mise au Point de Trois Formules Alimentaires Commerciales Ă Base des Sous-produits Agricoles Locaux Disponibles Ă Kinshasa (R.D Congo) pour LâĂ©levage des Alevins, JuvĂ©niles et GĂ©niteurs de Poissons Clarias gariepinus B., 1882
Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de mettre au point trois formules alimentaires pour lâĂ©levage des poissons Clarias gariepinus B., 1822 des diffĂ©rents stades de croissance avec de sous-produits agricoles locaux Ă des fins commerciales. Trois lots des rations alimentaires destinĂ©es Ă lâĂ©levage des alevins, juvĂ©niles et gĂ©niteurs de C. gariepinus ont Ă©tĂ© mises au point. AprĂšs la formulation, les aliments ont fait lâobjet des analyses bromatologiques de leur composition nutritionnelle. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© que les granulĂ©s secs et frais des rations alimentaires formulĂ©es prĂ©sentent des valeurs de rĂ©fĂ©rence de base qui couvrent le besoin nutritionnel des alevins, des juvĂ©niles et des gĂ©niteurs de poissons C. gariepinus. Le taux de protĂ©ines brutes de lâaliment A1, destinĂ© Ă lâalimentation des gĂ©niteurs est de 38±1,66% contre 42±1,66% de protĂ©ines brutes pour lâaliment A2 destinĂ© Ă lâalimentation des juvĂ©niles et 48±1,66% du taux de protĂ©ines brutes pour lâaliment A3 destinĂ© Ă lâalimentation des alevins. Les teneurs en Ă©nergie varient sensiblement entre les diffĂ©rentes rations alimentaires : A1 = 359,13±72,84 Kcal, A2 = 284,93±54,31 Kcal et A3 = 547,33±84,71 Kcal. Les granulĂ©s des aliments formulĂ©s prĂ©sentent une durĂ©e moyenne de flottaison acceptable Ă la surface de lâeau. Les analyses de lâaspect Ă©conomique des rations alimentaires mises au point ont montrĂ© quâil est moins coĂ»teux de produire un kilogramme dâaliment Ă base des sous-produits agro-industriels en faisant recours aux intrants localement disponibles. En termes du coĂ»t de production, lâaliment A3 (3,862 FC) suivi de lâaliment A2 (3,621 FC) ont Ă©tĂ© le plus couteux Ă formuler que lâaliment A1 (3,183 FC). Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude sont dâune importance capitale dans la mise en place des chaines dâapprovisionnement des sous-produits et de production des aliments destinĂ©s Ă lâĂ©levage des poissons en RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo
Human Endoparasites Present in the Digestive Tracts of Two Species of Cichlidae Fish: Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tilapia Tholloni (Sauvage, 1884) Caught in the Malebo Pool (Congo River), D.R. Congo
Parasitic diseases of fish are very rarely highlighted in comparison with certain parasitic diseases transmitted to humans through animals or plants such as echinococcosis, bilharziasis or fasciolosis. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge on endoparasites of the human digestive tract that also infest the digestive tracts of two species of Cichlidae fish: Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 and Tilapia tholloni Sauvage, 1884 caught in the Congo River (Malebo Pool). Microscopic observations were made on 42 specimens of O. niloticus fish and 42 of T. tholloni. The results obtained showed that the digestive tracts of fish Oreochromis niloticus host 8 species of parasites grouped in 6 genera, 6 families, 4 classes and 2 branches. The species belonging to the phylum Nemathelminths branch were more abundant (58.8%) than Plathelminths (41.2%). Species Trichurus trichiura (23.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (20.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (14.7%), Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercarlantum (11.8%) were the most frequently observed. On the other hand, microscopic analyses of the digestive tract of Tilapia tholloni revealed the presence of five species of parasites belonging to 3 branches, 4 classes, 4 families and 4 genera. Nemathelminthes (58.3%) and Plathelminthes (25%) are the most represented phylum than Amoebians (16.7%). Enterobius vermicularis (33.3%), Trichocephalus trichuris (25%), Schistosoma haematobium (20.8%) and Entemoeba hystolica (16.7%) were frequently observed. These results confirm the presence of endoparasites in congolese freshwater fish. This information is important in setting up a strategy to protect fish and consumers against these pathogens