World Peace and Contemporary Security Issues: An Outlook

World peace is endangered by increasing terroristic activities in the whole world. People feel insecure every time. There was a time when people lived without scaring but now human beings are being intimidated by terrorizing human beings. In the Modern time the world has turned to be known as global village but it has indeed turned into an object of fragile insecurities. There are innumerable threats looming large on human beings every time. Almost all walks of life human beings are subject to serious insecurities and life is becoming more and more insecure day by day. To bring out prominent fields of concern in contemporary world, a study from tradition to modernity is inevitable. A traditional definition of the state, given by Max Weber, called as an imperative condition the effective monopoly on the use or licensing of violence within a given land.  The security of countries was threatened heavily by various changes in the concern and commitment of the people. So it has threatened the existence of human beings. In many times it is through external invasion or internal rebellion.  Since 1945, in contrast, the most significant threats to state security have been internal rather than external. It means a shift which has only accelerated and which may have profound consequences for the conduct of international relations. It is a matter to be grieved about

Short Fibre and Particulate-reinforced Rubber Composites

Particulate fillers (carbon black and silica) and short fibre (aromatic polyamide, Kevlar have been utilised to produce rubber composites based on acrylonitrile-co-butadiene rubber (NBR). Mechanical properties of these composites have been determined and compared with unfilled rubber vulcanisate. The effect of surface treatment on the improvement of strength, in case of Kevlar, has also been considered. The influence of elevated temperature on tear strength, an important failure criterion, has been evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy has been used as a tool to correlate the topographical features associated with changes in the tear strength of the composites

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: Incidental finding - should we Ignore?

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare entity, presenting mostly as an incidental finding. This disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance with inactivating mutations in the gene “solute carrier family 34 member 2”. The present study was conducted to bring attention to this rare though preventable disease. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Department of Pathology, of a tertiary care hospital in New Dehli-India. PAMs were incidentally seen in two patients diagnosed with micronodular hepatic cirrhosis leading to reanalysis of 212 autopsies, retrospectively. Statistical analysis was done using Stata 14.0. We observed three forms (Type A, B and C) of round hyaline bodies measuring in 200-800µm diameter with thin delicate, radiating fibrils. These bodies were PAS positive, showed black discolouration of the pigment with von Kossa stain and birefringence on polarized microscopy using Congo red stain, however the refringence was light green as compared to apple green birefringence seen with amyloid deposition. PAM has a slow progressive course leading to a high rate of incidental detection. Drugs known to inhibit the micro-crystal growth of hydroxyapatite may slow the disease progression. The family members of patients with PAM may also be kept on follow up with regular imaging. Key messages: It is important to bring out the incidental finding as, seemingly innocuous observations may provide valuable insight into incurable diseases, especially rare diseases

Huge myxoid leiomyoma of cervix presenting as irreducible prolapse- management by vaginal myomectomy

Cervical leiomyoma consists 1-2% of all leiomyoma and myxoid degeneration of cervical fibroid is very rare. We present an old neglected case of huge necrotic cervical leiomyoma presenting with prolapse of mass and pelvic organs in a woman with multiple co-morbidities. Early management was necessary for improving her quality of life and controlling blood sugar. In lack of fitness for anaesthesia we performed her vaginal myomectomy under Intravenous Sedation. Prolapse was reducible and in absence of septic foci blood sugar profile improved. Vaginal myomectomy is a safe and quick procedure with least surgical morbidity and should be considered in cervical fibroids

Comparative study of oral ivermectin, topical permethrin and benzyl benzoate in the treatment of scabies

Background: Efficacy of these modalities as shown by various investigations are inconsistent and ambiguous. Thus, evidence based effective treatment option is warranted. Aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of oral ivermectin, topical permethrin and benzyl benzoate in the treatment of uncomplicated scabies.Methods: Patients with confirmed diagnosis of scabies were included in this study. One hundred and ninety-five subjects were included in this investigation as per inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down. Equal numbers of patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups. Efficacy of three groups [oral ivermectin (Group A), topical permethrin (Group B) and benzyl benzoate (Group C)] of drugs was compared in terms of improvement in clinical grading of disease (%) and improvement in clinical grading of pruritus (%) during follow up visits.Results: Those subjects receiving topical permethrin, at 1st follow up 56.9% showed cure rate which increased to 89.2% at 2nd follow up with respect to clinical improvement in pruritus. Maximum relief in severity of pruritus at the end of 6th week was reported by 58(89.2%) patients receiving group B treatment modality followed by 52 patients (80%) in arm A. Regarding efficacy of three treatment groups in terms of improvement in severity of lesion at the end of 6 weeks, maximum number of patients 57(87.7%), receiving group B treatment reported improvement which is better than other two treatment groups.Conclusions: maximum number of patients receiving topical Permethrin treatment reported improvement better than other Oral Ivermectin therapy and topical benzyl benzoate. Oral ivermectin may serve a good alternative for managing scabies under certain conditions like poor compliance to topical scabicides

The tranexamic acid: as chemical tourniquet during Ward-Mayo’s operation

Background: The intra-operative blood loss which required transfusion is one of the complications in Ward-Mayo’s operation. The objective of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness to minimizes hemorrhage in Ward-Mayo’s operationMethods: It is a well-designed, Clinical, interventional, prospective, randomized control trial. In the department of obstetrics and gynecology, IPGMER-SSKM (PG) H, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. More than one-year study. After ethics approval, the total number of sixty-six cases will be selected with randomization for Ward-Mayo operation and allocated into two groups operated as - Gr-A (n = 33 cases) - by infiltrating locally tranexaminic acid, Gr-B (n = 33-controls) - application local conventional haemostatics.Results: The outcome informs of primary and secondary assessed, analyzed, tabulated and statistically significant showed accordingly as per graph pad software. In Table 1 and 2. The results of individual group (Gr. A and Gr. B) in forms of pry and Sec. outcomes showed that there are better outcomes in all aspects with zero mortality Tranexamic group than controls.Conclusions: This study concluded that the Tranexamic Acid can safely and effectively used by local infiltration during Ward-Mayo’ operation. Like other department, this technique can be utilized in other vaginal procedure (ex-Episiotomy)

Are community health workers effective in retaining women in the maternity care continuum? Evidence from India

Objectives Despite the recognised importance of adopting a continuum of care perspective in addressing the care of mothers and newborns, evidence on specific interventions to enhance engagement of women along the maternity care continuum has been limited. We use the example of the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) programme in India, to understand the role of community health workers in retaining women in the maternity care continuum. Methods Using the Indian Human Development Survey data from 2011 to 2012, we assess the association between individual and cluster-level exposure to ASHA and four key components along the continuum of care—at least one antenatal care (ANC) visit, four or more ANC visits, presence of a skilled birth attendance (SBA) at the time of birth and postnatal care for the mother or child within 48 hours of birth, for 13 705 women with a live birth since 2005. To understand which of these services experience maximum dropout along the continuum, we use a linear probability model to calculate the weighted percentages of using each service. We assess the association between exposure to ASHA and number of services utilised using a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for a range of confounding variables and survey weights. Results Our study indicates that exposure to the ASHA is associated with an increased probability of women receiving at least one ANC and SBA. In terms of numbers of services, exposure to ASHA accounts for a 12% (95% CI: 9.1 to 15.1) increase in women receiving at least some of the services, and an 8.8% (95% CI: −10.2 to −7.4) decrease in women receiving no services. However, exposure to ASHA does not increase the likelihood of women utilising all the services along the continuum. Conclusions While ASHA is effective in supporting women to initiate and continue care along the continuum, it does not significantly affec