Cerebellar Asymmetry and Cortical Connectivity in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant Handedness

Handedness differentiates patterns of neural asymmetry and interhemispheric connectivity in cortical systems that underpin manual and language functions. Contemporary models of cerebellar function incorporate complex motor behaviour and higher-order cognition, expanding upon earlier, traditional associations between the cerebellum and motor control. Structural MRI defined cerebellar volume asymmetries and correlations with corpus callosum (CC) size were compared in 19 pairs of adult female monozygotic twins strongly discordant for handedness (MZHd). Volume and asymmetry of cerebellar lobules were obtained using automated parcellation.CC area and regional widths were obtained from midsagittal planimetric measurements. Within the cerebellum and CC, neurofunctional distinctions were drawn between motor and higher-order cognitive systems. Relationships amongst regional cerebellar asymmetry and cortical connectivity (as indicated by CC widths) were investigated. Interactions between hemisphere and handedness in the anterior cerebellum were due to a larger right-greater-than-left hemispheric asymmetry in right-handed (RH) compared to left-handed (LH) twins. In LH twins only, anterior cerebellar lobule volumes (IV, V) for motor control were associated with CC size, particularly in callosal regions associated with motor cortex connectivity. Superior posterior cerebellar lobule volumes (VI, Crus I, Crus II, VIIb) showed no correlation with CC size in either handedness group. These novel results reflected distinct patterns of cerebellar-cortical relationships delineated by specific CC regions and an anterior-posterior cerebellar topographical mapping. Hence, anterior cerebellar asymmetry may contribute to the greater degree of bilateral cortical organisation of frontal motor function in LH individuals

Printable all-dielectric water-based absorber

Abstract The phase interplay between overlapping electric and magnetic dipoles of equal amplitude generated by exclusively alldielectric structures presents an intriguing paradigm in the manipulation of electromagnetic energy. Here, we offer a holistic implementation by proposing an additive manufacturing route and associated design principles that enable the programming and fabrication of synthetic multi-material microstructures. In turn, we compose, manufacture and experimentally validate the first demonstrable 3d printed all-dielectric electromagnetic broadband absorbers that point the way to circumventing the technical limitations of conventional metal-dielectric absorber configurations. One of the key innovations is to judicially distribute a dispersive soft matter with a high-dielectric constant, such as water, in a low-dielectric matrix to enhance wave absorption at a reduced length scale. In part, these results extend the promise of additive manufacturing and illustrate the power of topology optimisation to create carefully crafted magnetic and electric responses that are sure to find new applications across the electromagnetic spectrum

A Study on Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of AA5754 Alloy (Tread and Plain Sheet) Produced by Twin-Roll Casting

Aluminum alloy AA5754 is used for many technical and industrial applications. Twin roll casting is unique among the casting processes in that it is a combined "solidification/deformation" technique. The simultaneous solidification and hot rolling produces characteristic microstructure with a fine cell size and intermetallic particle distribution with some residual structure. In the study, first AA5754 alloy (tread and plain sheet) strips were fabricated by using a twin-roll caster equipped with water-cooled steel-rolls. To reduce the thickness of the strip, cold rolling process was applied until strip thickness got 3 mm. After homogenization step the strips were cut in to smaller specimens and annealed at 260°C, 285°C, 310°C, 340°C, 370°C, 400°C, 430°C, 460°C, 490°C, 520°C for 3 hours to obtain the desired temper conditions. Mechanical properties were investigated after processes. Tensile, hardness and bending tests were applied to monitor the effect of annealing after cold rolling process

direct evaporative cooling systems

Radial basis function network method is used for modeling a direct evaporative cooling system. Air dry exit temperature, air pressure drop across the cooler and cooler efficiency are predicted using these models. The inputs are pad thickness, air inlet speed, air dry inlet temperature, relative humidity at the inlet and feed water temperature. The data for the models are taken from the experiments performed specifically for this purpose. Model validation is performed using twofold cross validation method. A grid search is used to determine optimal network parameters, such as, optimum number of radial basis elements and spread parameter. Validated models are tested against ordinary least squares models for the output variables. The results indicate that it is feasible to apply radial basis function networks to model direct evaporative coolers. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved