Utjecaj starosti i godišnjeg doba na neke pokazatelje sjemena Nili-Ravi bivolskih (Bubalus bubalis) bikova.

This study was carried out on 16 buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) divided into four age groups, including three healthy (less than 5, 6 -10, and more than 11 year old animals), and one abnormal group (6 10 year old bulls having poor semen quality). The study was undertaken for a one year period divided into five seasons (dry summer, humid summer, autumn, winter and spring). Overall semen volume was 4.67±1.62 ml and showed a nonsignificant difference between age groups, although it was higher (P<0.05) in autumn. Overall semen pH was 6.55±0.50 and was lower (P<0.05) in the 6-10 than in the 11 year old bulls and the abnormal group. It was lower (P<0.05) in autumn while higher (P<0.05) in winter. Colour score was higher (P<0.05) in less than 5 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group than in healthy groups but was lower (P<0.05) in dry summer. Overall mass activity score was 2.65±1.03 and was lower (P<0.05) in more than 11 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal than in healthy groups. Mass activity score was higher (P<0.05) in dry summer and spring. Overall sperm motility was 56.89±0.65% and showed no difference in healthy groups, but was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group. It was lower (P<0.05) in winter than humid summer and autumn. Overall sperm concentration was 1.00±0.50 millions/ml and was higher (P<0.05) in less than 5 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group. Sperm concentration was lower (P<0.05) in winter. The pH of semen showed negative (P<0.001) correlation with colour (r=-0.38), sperm concentration (r=-0.37), mass activity (r=-0.37) and motility (r=- 0.17). Sperm concentration correlated positively (P<0.001) with mass activity (r=0.86) and progressive motility (r=0.16).Istraživanje je izvedeno na 16 bivolskih bikova (Bubalus bubalis) podijeljenih u 4 dobne skupine, uključujući 3 skupine zdravih životinja u dobi do 5, između 6 i 10 i starijih od 11 godina, i od jedne skupine bikova starih između 6 i 10 godina s lošom kvalitetom sjemena. Istraživanje je trajalo jednu godinu tijekom 5 godišnjih doba: suho ljeto, vlažno ljeto, jesen, zima i proljeće. Prosječni volumen sjemena je bio 4,67±1,62 ml i nije pokazivao značajne razlike među dobnim skupinama, ali je bio veći (P<0,05) u jesen. Kiselost sjemena je bila pH 6,55±0,50 i bila je niža (P<0,05) u skupini 6 do 10-godišnjih nego u skupini bikova starijih od 11 godna i u bikova s ne kvalitetnim sjemenom. pH je bio niži (P<0,05) u jesen, a viši (P<0,05) zimi. Vrijednost boje bila je viša (P<0,05) u bikova do 5 godina starosti. Bila je, međutim, niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s lošom kvalitetom sjemena u odnosu na bikove s normalnom kvalitetom sjemena, te je bila niža tijekom suhog ljeta. Opća aktivnost sjemena bila je 2,65±1,03 i bila je niža (P<0,05) u bikova starijih od 11 godina. Bila je, međutim, niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s lošim sjemenom u odnosu na bikove s kvalitetnim sjemenom, te je bila viša (P<0,05) u suhom ljetu nego u proljeće. Ukupna pokretljivost spermija je bila 56,89±0,65% i nije pokazivala značajne razlike me|u bikovima s normalnim sjemenom, ali je bila niža (P<0,05) u skupine s nekvalitetnim sjemenom. Ukupna pokretljivost spermija bila je niža (P<0,05) zimi, nego u vlažnom ljetu i jeseni. Ukupna koncentracija spermija je bila 1,00±0,50 milijun/ml i bila je viša (P<0,05) u bikova do 5 godina starosti, dok je bila niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s nekvalitetnim sjemenom, kao što je bila niža (P<0,05) i zimi. Korelacija pH sjemena je bila negativna (P<0,001) s bojom (r=-0,38), s koncentracijom spermija (r=-0,37), s općom aktivinosti (r=-0,37) i progresivnom pokretljivošću (r=-0,17). Koncentracija spermija je bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) sa masovnom aktivnosti (r=0,86) i progresivnom mobilnosti (r=0,16)

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Utjecaj starosti i godišnjeg doba na neke pokazatelje sjemena Nili-Ravi bivolskih (Bubalus bubalis) bikova.

This study was carried out on 16 buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) divided into four age groups, including three healthy (less than 5, 6 -10, and more than 11 year old animals), and one abnormal group (6 10 year old bulls having poor semen quality). The study was undertaken for a one year period divided into five seasons (dry summer, humid summer, autumn, winter and spring). Overall semen volume was 4.67±1.62 ml and showed a nonsignificant difference between age groups, although it was higher (P<0.05) in autumn. Overall semen pH was 6.55±0.50 and was lower (P<0.05) in the 6-10 than in the 11 year old bulls and the abnormal group. It was lower (P<0.05) in autumn while higher (P<0.05) in winter. Colour score was higher (P<0.05) in less than 5 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group than in healthy groups but was lower (P<0.05) in dry summer. Overall mass activity score was 2.65±1.03 and was lower (P<0.05) in more than 11 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal than in healthy groups. Mass activity score was higher (P<0.05) in dry summer and spring. Overall sperm motility was 56.89±0.65% and showed no difference in healthy groups, but was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group. It was lower (P<0.05) in winter than humid summer and autumn. Overall sperm concentration was 1.00±0.50 millions/ml and was higher (P<0.05) in less than 5 year old bulls. However, it was lower (P<0.05) in the abnormal group. Sperm concentration was lower (P<0.05) in winter. The pH of semen showed negative (P<0.001) correlation with colour (r=-0.38), sperm concentration (r=-0.37), mass activity (r=-0.37) and motility (r=- 0.17). Sperm concentration correlated positively (P<0.001) with mass activity (r=0.86) and progressive motility (r=0.16).Istraživanje je izvedeno na 16 bivolskih bikova (Bubalus bubalis) podijeljenih u 4 dobne skupine, uključujući 3 skupine zdravih životinja u dobi do 5, između 6 i 10 i starijih od 11 godina, i od jedne skupine bikova starih između 6 i 10 godina s lošom kvalitetom sjemena. Istraživanje je trajalo jednu godinu tijekom 5 godišnjih doba: suho ljeto, vlažno ljeto, jesen, zima i proljeće. Prosječni volumen sjemena je bio 4,67±1,62 ml i nije pokazivao značajne razlike među dobnim skupinama, ali je bio veći (P<0,05) u jesen. Kiselost sjemena je bila pH 6,55±0,50 i bila je niža (P<0,05) u skupini 6 do 10-godišnjih nego u skupini bikova starijih od 11 godna i u bikova s ne kvalitetnim sjemenom. pH je bio niži (P<0,05) u jesen, a viši (P<0,05) zimi. Vrijednost boje bila je viša (P<0,05) u bikova do 5 godina starosti. Bila je, međutim, niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s lošom kvalitetom sjemena u odnosu na bikove s normalnom kvalitetom sjemena, te je bila niža tijekom suhog ljeta. Opća aktivnost sjemena bila je 2,65±1,03 i bila je niža (P<0,05) u bikova starijih od 11 godina. Bila je, međutim, niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s lošim sjemenom u odnosu na bikove s kvalitetnim sjemenom, te je bila viša (P<0,05) u suhom ljetu nego u proljeće. Ukupna pokretljivost spermija je bila 56,89±0,65% i nije pokazivala značajne razlike me|u bikovima s normalnim sjemenom, ali je bila niža (P<0,05) u skupine s nekvalitetnim sjemenom. Ukupna pokretljivost spermija bila je niža (P<0,05) zimi, nego u vlažnom ljetu i jeseni. Ukupna koncentracija spermija je bila 1,00±0,50 milijun/ml i bila je viša (P<0,05) u bikova do 5 godina starosti, dok je bila niža (P<0,05) u skupini bikova s nekvalitetnim sjemenom, kao što je bila niža (P<0,05) i zimi. Korelacija pH sjemena je bila negativna (P<0,001) s bojom (r=-0,38), s koncentracijom spermija (r=-0,37), s općom aktivinosti (r=-0,37) i progresivnom pokretljivošću (r=-0,17). Koncentracija spermija je bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji (P<0,001) sa masovnom aktivnosti (r=0,86) i progresivnom mobilnosti (r=0,16)

Comparative analysis of buffalo and cow milk for quality characteristics and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity in non-infected animals

In Pakistan, milk quality control standards are yet to be established. The prime objective of this study was to develop the standard referencevalues for the milk pH, its somatic cell count (SCC), electric conductivity (EC) and NAGase i.e., milk enzyme in the noninfected milk of localbuffalo breed i.e., Nilli-Ravi also known as Black-gold of Pakistan and cows i.e., Sahiwal and other crossbred cows kept locally mostly formilch purpose. A total of 30 animals with lactation number 1-5 (in early lactation of two months) from each breed group were selectedfor milk samples. Samples were then tested for mastitis through Surf Field Mastitis test and microbiological culturing. Reference valueswere determined using negative samples. Fore-mentioned parameters were analyzed for collected Milk samples. The values for NAGaseand SCC were the most eminent in the crossbred cow’s milk i.e., (56.07±2.33 U/mL) & (178645.83±2324.0/mL) respectively. EC value(5.7±0.04) was strikingly high in Sahiwal cow’s milk. Milk of Nilli-Ravi was found superior in quality, based on its lower values of SSC,EC and NAGase. Mean values of each parameter were also compared among different quarters and found to be statistically similar. Inconclusion, milk of Nilli-Ravi was found superior in quality and current findings can be used to provide base line information for NAGaseand other components of milk quality and udder health for above mentioned dairy types

Comparative analysis of buffalo and cow milk for quality characteristics and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity in non-infected animals

In Pakistan, milk quality control standards are yet to be established. The prime objective of this study was to develop the standard referencevalues for the milk pH, its somatic cell count (SCC), electric conductivity (EC) and NAGase i.e., milk enzyme in the noninfected milk of localbuffalo breed i.e., Nilli-Ravi also known as Black-gold of Pakistan and cows i.e., Sahiwal and other crossbred cows kept locally mostly formilch purpose. A total of 30 animals with lactation number 1-5 (in early lactation of two months) from each breed group were selectedfor milk samples. Samples were then tested for mastitis through Surf Field Mastitis test and microbiological culturing. Reference valueswere determined using negative samples. Fore-mentioned parameters were analyzed for collected Milk samples. The values for NAGaseand SCC were the most eminent in the crossbred cow’s milk i.e., (56.07±2.33 U/mL) & (178645.83±2324.0/mL) respectively. EC value(5.7±0.04) was strikingly high in Sahiwal cow’s milk. Milk of Nilli-Ravi was found superior in quality, based on its lower values of SSC,EC and NAGase. Mean values of each parameter were also compared among different quarters and found to be statistically similar. Inconclusion, milk of Nilli-Ravi was found superior in quality and current findings can be used to provide base line information for NAGaseand other components of milk quality and udder health for above mentioned dairy types

Učinak visokih razina kroma i bakra na zdravlje i proizvodnost tovnih pilića tijekom tropskih ljetnih vrućina.

The effects of higher levels of chromium alone, and in combination with copper, were investigated in broiler chicks divided into seven equal groups. Group G served as control, receiving no treatment. Groups A, B and F received chromium chloride at a rate of 2 g/kg and nicotinic acid 150 mg/kg, while groups C, D and E received chromium chloride 8 mg/kg and nicotinic acid 150 mg/kg. Broilers in groups A and C received copper sulfate at a rate of 200 mg/kg, while groups B and D received 400 mg/kg feed. Both live and carcass mass showed non-significant difference between treatment groups and control during the treatment period. However, during the withdrawal period these were higher (P<0.05) in chromium-fed birds (alone and in combination). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in the treatment groups. Relative mass of liver to body mass during the first two weeks showed lower (P<0.05) values in birds fed low levels of chromium alone, or in combination with two levels of copper, and those fed high levels of both compounds, compared with control. At the third week the relative mass of liver to body mass was high in all treatment groups than in the control. Relative mass of lung to body mass showed a significant increase in birds fed higher levels of both chromium and copper during the early period, whereas it decreased significantly after the third week than in the control group. During the withdrawal period, relative mass of kidney, lung and heart to body mass were lower (P<0.05) in birds fed chromium alone. Relative heart mass to body mass during termination of treatment showed a significant relationship with relative liver (0.99, P<0.05) and lung (0.99, P<0.05) mass to body mass in the low chromiumfed group, while during the withdrawal period a significant relationship developed of relative heart mass with relative liver (0.99, P<0.05) and lung (0.78, P<0.05) mass to body mass in birds fed high chromium with high copper. Both gross and histological studies showed no change in any organ studied.Istražen je učinak većih razina samog kroma i u kombinaciji s bakrom na zdravlje i proizvodnost tovnih pilića. Pilići u skupinama A, B i F bili su hranjeni hranom u koju je bio umiješan krom u obliku krom klorida u količini od 2 g/kg te nikotinska kiselina u količini od 150 mg/kg. C, D i E skupine bile su hranjene hranom u koju je primiješan krom klorid u količini od 8 mg/kg te nikotinska kiselina u količini od 150 mg/kg. Pilićima skupine A i C bio je primiješan bakreni sulfat u dozi od 200 mg/kg, dok je skupinama B i D primiješan bakreni sulfat u dozi od 400 mg/kg. Težine pilića pokusnih skupina nisu se znatno razlikovale u odnosu na kontrolu, iako su u razdoblju bez primjene bile više u ptica hranjenih kromom odnosno onih kromom i bakrenim sulfatom. Konverzija hrane bila je bolja u pokusnih skupina u odnosu na kontrolu. Relativna težina jetre u odnosu na težinu tijela tijekom prva dva tjedna bila je niža (P<0,05) u svim skupinama bez obzira na razinu kroma i bakra. U trećem tjednu relativna težina jetre je porasla u svim pokusnim skupinama u odnosu na kontrolnu. Relativna težina pluća u odnosu na ukupnu težinu bila je veća nakon primjene visokih razina kroma i bakra u ranom razdoblju. Ona se znatno smanjila u trećem tjednu. Tijekom razdoblja uskraćivanja relativna težina bubrega, pluća i srca u odnosu na tjelesnu težinu bila je niža (P<0,005) u ptica koje su dobivale samo krom. Relativna težina srca u odnosu na tjelesnu težinu pri kraju primjene odgovarala je relativnoj težini jetre (0,99, P<0,05) i pluća (0,99, P<0,05) ptica u skupini koja je dobivala manje kroma. U razdoblju bez primjene uočena je povezanost relativne težine srca s relativnom težinom jetre (0,99, P<0,05 ) i pluća (0,78, P<0,05) u ptica hranjenih visokim razinama kroma i bakra. Patološkoanatomskom i histološkom analizom nisu dokazane nikakve promjene

Učinak visokih razina kroma i bakra na zdravlje i proizvodnost tovnih pilića tijekom tropskih ljetnih vrućina.

The effects of higher levels of chromium alone, and in combination with copper, were investigated in broiler chicks divided into seven equal groups. Group G served as control, receiving no treatment. Groups A, B and F received chromium chloride at a rate of 2 g/kg and nicotinic acid 150 mg/kg, while groups C, D and E received chromium chloride 8 mg/kg and nicotinic acid 150 mg/kg. Broilers in groups A and C received copper sulfate at a rate of 200 mg/kg, while groups B and D received 400 mg/kg feed. Both live and carcass mass showed non-significant difference between treatment groups and control during the treatment period. However, during the withdrawal period these were higher (P<0.05) in chromium-fed birds (alone and in combination). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in the treatment groups. Relative mass of liver to body mass during the first two weeks showed lower (P<0.05) values in birds fed low levels of chromium alone, or in combination with two levels of copper, and those fed high levels of both compounds, compared with control. At the third week the relative mass of liver to body mass was high in all treatment groups than in the control. Relative mass of lung to body mass showed a significant increase in birds fed higher levels of both chromium and copper during the early period, whereas it decreased significantly after the third week than in the control group. During the withdrawal period, relative mass of kidney, lung and heart to body mass were lower (P<0.05) in birds fed chromium alone. Relative heart mass to body mass during termination of treatment showed a significant relationship with relative liver (0.99, P<0.05) and lung (0.99, P<0.05) mass to body mass in the low chromiumfed group, while during the withdrawal period a significant relationship developed of relative heart mass with relative liver (0.99, P<0.05) and lung (0.78, P<0.05) mass to body mass in birds fed high chromium with high copper. Both gross and histological studies showed no change in any organ studied.Istražen je učinak većih razina samog kroma i u kombinaciji s bakrom na zdravlje i proizvodnost tovnih pilića. Pilići u skupinama A, B i F bili su hranjeni hranom u koju je bio umiješan krom u obliku krom klorida u količini od 2 g/kg te nikotinska kiselina u količini od 150 mg/kg. C, D i E skupine bile su hranjene hranom u koju je primiješan krom klorid u količini od 8 mg/kg te nikotinska kiselina u količini od 150 mg/kg. Pilićima skupine A i C bio je primiješan bakreni sulfat u dozi od 200 mg/kg, dok je skupinama B i D primiješan bakreni sulfat u dozi od 400 mg/kg. Težine pilića pokusnih skupina nisu se znatno razlikovale u odnosu na kontrolu, iako su u razdoblju bez primjene bile više u ptica hranjenih kromom odnosno onih kromom i bakrenim sulfatom. Konverzija hrane bila je bolja u pokusnih skupina u odnosu na kontrolu. Relativna težina jetre u odnosu na težinu tijela tijekom prva dva tjedna bila je niža (P<0,05) u svim skupinama bez obzira na razinu kroma i bakra. U trećem tjednu relativna težina jetre je porasla u svim pokusnim skupinama u odnosu na kontrolnu. Relativna težina pluća u odnosu na ukupnu težinu bila je veća nakon primjene visokih razina kroma i bakra u ranom razdoblju. Ona se znatno smanjila u trećem tjednu. Tijekom razdoblja uskraćivanja relativna težina bubrega, pluća i srca u odnosu na tjelesnu težinu bila je niža (P<0,005) u ptica koje su dobivale samo krom. Relativna težina srca u odnosu na tjelesnu težinu pri kraju primjene odgovarala je relativnoj težini jetre (0,99, P<0,05) i pluća (0,99, P<0,05) ptica u skupini koja je dobivala manje kroma. U razdoblju bez primjene uočena je povezanost relativne težine srca s relativnom težinom jetre (0,99, P<0,05 ) i pluća (0,78, P<0,05) u ptica hranjenih visokim razinama kroma i bakra. Patološkoanatomskom i histološkom analizom nisu dokazane nikakve promjene

Učinak hranidbe s dodatkom različitih količina formalina (37% formaldehid) i ureje na zdravlje i proizvodnost tovnih pilića.

This study was conducted on 280 birds divided into seven groups at 21 days of age and were given urea and formalin, alone and in combination through basal feed. Recorded observations revealed that at the end of the 3rd week, live mass and dressed carcass mass of birds given milder levels of urea and formalin (U-1% and F-2.5 ml) differed non-significantly from that of the control group, while these levels were lower in other treatment groups. Absolute mass of thymus was significantly lower (P<0.05) in all treatment groups except those given 20-ml formalin along with different levels of urea (1% and 4%), while that of the bursa was lower in all treatment groups. Absolute mass of spleen was significantly lower (P<0.05) in birds given 1% urea + 2.5 ml formalin and 4% urea + 20 ml formalin, while that of liver and kidney was lower (P<0.05) in birds given 20 ml formalin and in those given higher concentration of urea, along with two levels of formalin, than the control group (U-4%+F-2.5 ml; U-4%+F-20 ml). A non-significant difference was observed in absolute heart, proventriculus and gizzard masses between treatment and control birds. Feed consumption at the third week was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in birds given 20 ml formalin alone, or with 1% urea, than the control group. Final results of serum total proteins, albumin and fibrinogen showed a non-significant difference between treatment and control groups. However, serum globulins were significantly higher (P<0.05) in birds fed 1% urea + 20 ml formalin than the control group.Istraživanje je provedeno na 280 tovnih pilića u dobi od 21 dan podijeljenih u sedam skupina. Pilićima je ponuđena hrana s različitim količinama formalina i ureje. Učinak je provjeren nakon tri tjedna i to određivanjem tjelesne mase, mase pilića nakon klanja te mase organa. U pilića hranjenih malim količinama formalina (1%) i ureje (2,5 ml) nisu zabilježene razlike u odnosu na piliće iz kontrolne skupine. Apsolutna masa timusa bila je u svih pokusnih pilića manja osim u onih koji su dobivali 20 ml formalina uz različite količine ureje (1% i 4%). Masa burze bila je u svih skupina manja u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Apsolutna masa slezene bila je značajno manja (P<0,05) u pilića hranjenih s dodatkom 1% ureje i 2,5 ml formalina te 4% ureje i 20 ml formalina. Masa jetre i bubrega bila je značajno manja (P<0,05) u pilića koji su dobivali 20 ml formalina, kao i u onih koji su dobivali veće količine ureje uz dvije različite količine formalina (ureja 4% + 2,5 ml formalina, ureja 4% + 20 ml formalina) u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Nije bilo razlika u odnosu na apsolutnu masu srca te mišićnog i žlijezdanog želuca. Životinje koje su dobivale samo 20 ml formalina ili 1% ureje uzimale su veću količinu hrane. Nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u odnosu na količinu ukupnih proteina, albumina i fibrinogena u krvi. U ptica koje su uzimale 1% ureje i 20 ml formalina utvrđene su značajne razlike u količini serumskih globulina u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu