Study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge among the adolescent boys regarding ill effects of smoking in selected Government Schools of Moga, Punjab - India

Smoking prevention is an important issue and healthcare professionals, especially nurses, may have a major role in helping people to understand the consequences of smoking for their lives. A nurse is recognized as authority on health, she can educate individuals, groups and communities about ill effects of smoking. The investigator had witnessed during her posting in Vidhya Sagar Institute of Mental Health Amritsar, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS) Delhi that the adolescents are more influenced by smoking due to images of romance, success, sophisticated popularity and adventure which advertising suggests they could achieve through the consumption of cigarettes

Plasma metabolomic study in perinatally HIV-infected children using 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals perturbed metabolites that sustain during therapy.

BackgroundPerinatally HIV-infected children on anti-retroviral treatment (ART) are reported to have metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, and insulin resistance which potentially increase the risk of diabetes, kidney, liver and cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveTo elucidate HIV-mediated metabolic complications that sustain even during ART in perinatally HIV-infected children.MethodWe have carried out metabolic profiling of the plasma of treatment-naïve and ART-suppressed perinatally HIV-infected children and uninfected controls using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by statistical analysis and annotation.ResultValidated multivariate analysis showed clear distinction among our study groups. Our results showed elevated levels of lactate, glucose, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, propionic acid, 2-ketobutyric acid and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites in untreated HIV-infected children compared to uninfected controls. ART normalized the levels of several metabolites, however the level of lactate, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, oxoglutaric acid, oxaloacetic acid, myoinositol and glutamine remained upregulated despite ART in HIV-infected children. Pathway analysis revealed perturbed propanoate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis and TCA cycle in untreated and ART-suppressed HIV-infected children.ConclusionDeveloping therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities may be beneficial for preventing diabetes, cardiovascular disease or other associated complications in perinatally HIV-infected children