Real men don't beat their wives!\ud

Despite the numerous Domestic violence laws, women protection acts and women cells in India at present; physical abuse and domestic violence is still rampant and grossly underreported. This article describes my experience in dealing with victims of domestic abuse as a medical student.\u

Purification and characterization of a heat-stable acid phosphatase from chickpea

Acid phosphatases (APases) form a group of enzymes catalyzing hydrolysis of avariety of phosphate esters in the acidic environments. APases are believed to increaseorthophosphate (Pi) availability under phosphorous deficient conditions. The APase fromchickpea was purified by ethanol precipitation, followed by successive chromatographies onDEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-150. The enzyme was purified 73-folds. The optimumtemperature and pH for enzyme activity were 50 °C and 5.5, respectively. All metal saltsexcept ZnCl2 and HgCl2 were tolerated and did not adversely affect APase activity. Thepurified enzyme had a lower Km (0.25 mM) and higher Vmax (9 mM) for PNPP. The APase hadbroad substrate specificity with PNPP and natural substrates

Age-specific periictal electroclinical features of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and potential risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)

Generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS) is the commonest seizure type associated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This study examined the semiological and electroencephalographic differences (EEG) in the GTCSs of adults as compared with those of children. The rationale lies on epidemiological observations that have noted a tenfold higher incidence of SUDEP in adults.Weanalyzed the video-EEG data of 105 GTCS events in 61 consecutive patients (12 children, 23 seizure events and 49 adults, 82 seizure events) recruited from the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. Semiological, EEG, and 3-channel EKG features were studied. Periictal seizure phase durations were analyzed including tonic, clonic, total seizure, postictal EEG suppression (PGES), and recovery phases. Heart rate variability (HRV)measures includingRMSSD (root mean square successive difference of RR intervals), SDNN (standard deviation of NN intervals), and SDSD (standard deviation of differences) were analyzed (including low frequency/high frequency power ratios) during preictal baseline and ictal and postictal phases. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs)were used to find associations between electroclinical features. Separate subgroup analyses were carried out on adult and pediatric age groups as well as medication groups (no antiepileptic medication cessation versus unchanged or reduced medication) during admission.Major differences were seen in adult and pediatric seizures with total seizure duration, tonic phase, PGES, and recovery phases being significantly shorter in children (p b 0.01). Generalized estimating equation analysis, using tonic phase duration as the dependent variable, found age to correlate significantly (p b 0.001), and this remained significant during subgroup analysis (adults and children) such that each 0.12-second increase in tonic phase duration correlated with a 1-second increase in PGES duration. Postictal EEG suppression durations were on average 28 s shorter in children. With cessation of medication, total seizure duration was significantly increased by a mean value of 8 s in children and 11 s in adults (p b 0.05). Tonic phase duration also significantly increased with medication cessation, and although PGES durations increased, this was not significant. Root mean square successive difference was negatively correlated with PGES duration (longer PGES durations were associated with decreased vagally mediated heart rate variability; p b 0.05) but not with tonic phase duration. This study clearly points out identifiable electroclinical differences between adult and pediatric GTCSs that may be relevant in explaining lower SUDEP risk in children. The findings suggest that some prolonged seizure phases and prolonged PGES duration may be electroclinical markers of SUDEP risk and merit further study

Histopathological spectrum of 364 prostatic specimens including immunohistochemistry with special reference to grey zone lesions

Prostatic lesions on routine staining sometimes cause a diagnostic dilemma, especially when malignant tissue is limited and is mixed with benign prostatic glands or because of the presence of benign mimickers of carcinoma. The application of immunohistochemistry contributes a valuable differential diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate a complete spectrum of various prostatic lesions and to supplement the histopathological diagnosis with immunohistochemistry in suspicious or atypical cases. Methods: A total of 364 consecutive prostatic specimens were evaluated. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining against 34βE12 cytokeratin and proliferative marker (alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase, AMACR) were performed by use of the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Results: Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the most frequent finding and involved 285 patients (78.3%). Prostatitis (majority nonspecific) formed the predominant subgroup in nonneoplastic lesions (n=119, 32.7%). The incidence of carcinoma was low (n=73, 20.1%). Of the 26 atypical or suspicious cases, 18 cases were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratin (high molecular weight cytokeratin, HMWCK) only, 4 cases were positive for AMACR only, and 4 cases showed positivity for both HMWCK and AMACR. Conclusions: Biopsy remains the gold standard. However, as an adjunct to biopsy, proliferative markers and basal cell markers have value for resolving suspicious or atypical cases

Assessment of the Patient With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Review of the Literature

Spontaneous nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Given the risk of rapid neurological deterioration, early identification with rapid neuroimaging is vital. Predictors of outcome, such as spot sign and intracerebral hemorrhage score, can help guide management goals. Management should be aimed at prevention of hematoma expansion, treatment of increased intracranial pressure, and prevention of secondary brain injury and medical complications

Zirconium(IV) and thorium (IV) bis(fluorosulphuryl)imides: Preparation and characterization

232-235Metal (IV) bis(fluorosulphuryl) imides [M=Zr(IV) and Th(IV)] have been prepared by reacting the corresponding trifluoroacetates with HN(SO2F)2 at 100-130°C for ~ 10 hours. These are thermally stable, white hygroscopic solids (m.p. > 210°C) and are insoluble in common organic solvents and HN(SO2F)2. These properties reflect their polymeric nature. M[N(SO2F)2]4 form coordination complexes with some nitrogen and oxygen donors

Confocal laser scanning microscopic evaluation of sealing ability of bone cement, mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine as root-end filling materials: An in vitro study

Aim: To compare the sealing ability of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine as root-end filling materials by assessing the degree of microleakage through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted maxillary incisors were root canal treated using the rotary ProTaper system. Apical root resections followed by retrograde cavity preparation were done. The teeth were divided into three groups and filled with the 3 tested materials (PMMA bone cement, MTA, and Biodentine). Samples were coated with nail varnish, immersed in 0.5% aqueous solution of rhodamine B dye for 24 h, and rinsed with water to remove excess dye. Samples were horizontally sectioned at 1 mm intervals into three using a diamond disk and were labeled A, B, and C and considered first, second, and third, respectively, based on their distance from the apex. Each slice was divided into four equal parts and evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Dye penetration was scored based on the amount of microleakage. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Intergroup comparison of the mean scores of dye penetration among the three materials showed that there is a statistical difference between PMMA bone cement, MTA, and Biodentine, in sections B and C (P ≤ 0.05). The three groups showed no statistical difference in dye penetration scores in section A. Conclusion: The microleakage is least with PMMA bone cement followed by Biodentine and MTA. Microleakage was least in section C followed by sections B and A

Pipeline Embolization of Ruptured, Previously Coiled Cerebral Aneurysms: Case Series and Considerations for Management

PURPOSE: Aneurysmal recurrence represents a significant drawback of endovascular coiling, particularly in aneurysms that have previously ruptured. Given the high recurrence rate of coiled aneurysms and particularly the risk of posttreatment rupture in previously ruptured aneurysms that have been treated by coiling, the question of how best to treat ruptured aneurysms that recur postcoiling remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of twenty patients who underwent pipeline embolization of previously ruptured, coiled cerebral aneurysms. RESULTS: Pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment resulted in complete aneurysmal occlusion in 10 patients (62.5%) at first angiographic follow-up, and 11 patients (68.75%) at last follow-up. No PED-related complications were encountered and there were no peri-procedural or postprocedural hemorrhages, or symptomatic ischemic events following flow diversion. CONCLUSIONS: PED as a second-line treatment is a safe and effective modality for achieving aneurysmal occlusion in recurrent, previously ruptured, primarily coiled aneurysms. Additionally, a staged coil-to-PED approach may be considered for the management of acutely ruptured aneurysms to achieve aneurysmal obliteration in an effort to mitigate recurrence, and reduce the amount of postprocedural studies

Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, etidronic acid, and chitosan nanoparticle solution as root canal irrigants

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution in smear layer removal using SEM image analysis. Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. After biomechanical preparation, the samples were divided into Group I (17% EDTA), Group II (18% etidronic acid), and Group III (0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution) containing 10 samples each. Longitudinal sectioning of the samples was done. The samples were observed under SEM at apical, middle, and coronal levels. The images were scored according to the criteria by Hullsman. Statistical analysis was done, with the significance level set at P < 0.05, and performed with SPSS 16.0 statistical package for Windows. Results: Smear layer removal at coronal, middle, and apical thirds was more effective when final irrigation was performed using 0.2% chitosan solution, followed by 17% EDTA. At the apical third, all the irrigants showed poor smear layer removing property, but chitosan showed comparatively better results. Conclusion: 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution was more effective in removing the smear layer when compared to 17% EDTA and 18% etidronic acid irrigants