Optimal Crop Plans for Sustainable Water Use in Punjab

A linear programming model has been formulated to suggest the optimal cropping pattern for maximizing net returns and ensuring significant savings of groundwater with the aim of sustaining groundwater use in the Punjab agriculture. The primary data obtained from the project, “Comprehensive scheme to study the cost of cultivation of principal crops in Punjab†for the year 2002-03 pertain to 170 farmers selected through three-stage stratified random sampling technique. As the period of transplantation of paddy has a significant bearing on the amount of groundwater used and its sustainability, the paddy crop has been further classified into Paddy 1 (transplanted before 10th June); Paddy 2 (transplanted during 11th June to 20th June) and Paddy 3 (transplanted after 20th June). At the existing level of water availability, the optimal crop plan has not revealed any significant changes in the production pattern. Restricting the availability of groundwater has resulted into a major shift in the cropping pattern. Such changes could ensure groundwater savings of almost 25 per cent, without any adverse impact on the net returns from crop production. Introduction of new crops in the production plan, such as Bt cotton, has further enhanced the returns from crop production by about 4 per cent along with groundwater savings of 26.55 per cent. The study has suggested that alternate wetting and drying, adoption of system of rice intensification (SRI), use of tensiometers and direct plantation of paddy are some of the other techniques which can save water.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Methods for Implementing Knowledge Management in the Select University Libraries of North India.

Abstract This research paper aims to explore the Methods used for Implementing Knowledge Management in the University Libraries of North. The methods outline the different methods of implementing KM in libraries and this paper seeks to know about the procedures to be followed for implementing KM, LIS professional’s level of awareness about KM, benefits of implementation KM and the obstacles faced by LIS professionals during KM execution. A total of 280 LIS professionals working in 20 select state universities were approached for the collection of data. In order to obtain a large and representative sample of LIS professionals, stratified random sampling is being used. The study was delimited to the 20 Government state universities (having all disciplines) and listed on the University Grants Commission’s website (Govt. of India) and comes under the northern region of India. The main libraries of the universities were covered in the study, whereas departmental libraries were excluded. It has been found that there was no significant difference regarding the awareness of KM between the Professional Assistants and the rest of the LIS professionals. It has been also noted that LIS professionals assumed that the major benefit of KM implementation that it helped to improve library services & operations. Furthermore, the major barriers to the implementation of KM are lack of training, lack of rewards / incentives for innovative performance, lack of human resources, lack of knowledge sharing culture, hesitation to adopt the change by LIS professionals and misunderstanding about the knowledge management on the part of the library staff to incorporate knowledge management practices

Semi-fluorinated Core-shell Latexes and Model Random Polyampholytes

Cationic polymer colloids in aqueous medium find applications in phase transfer catalysis. We have synthesized core shell latex particles with quaternary ammonium ion by emulsifier free shot growth emulsion polymerization. Hydrolysis of simulants of chemical warfare agents such as p-nitrophenyl hexanoate and Paraoxon was faster using cationic polymer dispersions than hydrolysis with coatings made from the aqueous dispersions. Model random polyampholytes are needed to test the modern theory of polyampholytes. We have synthesized random polyampholytes by living radical polymerization namely reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in order to understand dilute and semi-dilute solution properties of polyampholytes. The aqueous solution properties of polyampholytes such as viscosity as function of pH and electrolyte concentration showed that the polyampholytes synthesized are charge imbalanced.Chemistry Departmen

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Arginine Deiminase Production Medium for Enterococcus faecium

Arginine metabolism in Enterococcus faecium sp. GR7 was enhanced via arginine deiminase pathway. Process parameters including fermentation media and environmental conditions were optimized using independent experiments and response surface methodology (central composite design). Fermentation media (EAPM) were optimized using independent experiments which resulted in 4-fold increase in arginine deiminase specific activity as compared to basal medium. To further enhance arginine deiminase activity in E. faecium sp. GR7 and biomass production including a five-level central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the interactive effect of three-process variables. Response surface methodology suggested a quadratic model which was further validated experimentally where it showed approximately 15-fold increase in arginine metabolism (in terms of arginine deiminase specific activity) over basal medium. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface cartons, optimal concentrations of the media components (g/L) were determined as arginine 20.0; tryptone 15.0; lactose 10.0; K2HPO4 3.0; NaCl 1.0, MnSO4 0.6 mM; Tween 80 1%; pH 6.0 for achieving specific arginine deiminase activity of 4.6 IU/mG with concomitant biomass production of 12.1 mg/L. The model is significant as the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.87 to 0.90 for all responses. Enhanced arginine deiminase yield from E. faecium, a GRAS lactic acid bacterial strain, is desirable to explore in vitro therapeutic potential of the arginine metabolizing E. faecium sp. GR7

A Proposed Approach to Detect Sybil Attack Using SBDM in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent advances in wireless and electronic communications have allowed the implementation of low-cost multifunction sensors, low power consumption and low power consumption, and communicate in a few words. Smart and cheap sensors, connected to the network through wireless connections and distributed in large quantities, offer unprecedented opportunities to monitor and control homes, cities and the environment. In addition, the sensors connected to the network use a wide range of applications within the defense area, generating new functions for recognition and surveillance and various tactical applications. Sybil is one of the most terrible attacks is the cloning attack of nodes, in which the attacker captures the node and extracts its secret information, creates replicas and inserts other malicious behavior into the network. In this document, sink Based detection mechanism (SBDM) have been proposed to detect and mitigate this attack

A Novel Approach to Mitigate DDoS Attack Using Gateway Mechanism

Intelligent and economical sensors, connected to the network via wireless links and distributed in large quantities, offer unprecedented opportunities to monitor and control homes, cities and the environment. In addition, sensors connected to the network use a wide range of applications within the defence area, generating new features for recognition and surveillance and various tactical applications. Denial of service is one of the most terrible attacks is the cloning attack of the node, where the attacker captures the knot and extracts its secret information, create replicas and enter them in the network field other malevolent behaviour. To detect and mitigate this attack, this paper proposed a Gateway based technique

Causes and Impact of Labour Migration: A Case Study of Punjab Agriculture

In Punjab, the influx of migrant labour particularly in agriculture sector started with the green revolution and picked up subsequently. Due to monoculture in the cropping pattern, the state has become largely dependent on migrant labourers for various agricultural operations. The influx of seasonal as well as permanent labour from outside has led to various socio-economic problems in Punjab. In the wake of this, the present study was purposively conducted in the Central Zone of Punjab for the year 2011 to find the causes and impact of labour in-migration in Punjab. A total of 105 respondents belonging to the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Nepal constituted the sample frame. The results have revealed that better income and employment opportunities at the destination place were the major factors responsible for migration. About 64 per cent of the respondents earned less than ` 20000 per annum at their native places and 60 per cent of them had less than 200 days of employment in a year, whereas 23 per cent of the labourers were unemployed at their native place. However, after migration 63 per cent of the migrants could earn from ` 20000 to ` 50000 per annum and 34 per cent earned more than ` 50000 per annum in Punjab, leading to a major share (60% of total income) as remittances sent back to their native places. On the other hand, the flip side of the influx of migrants in the study area increased the drug menace by 37 per cent, social tension by 45 per cent and crime by 43 per cent. The state government should maintain a demographic balance by regulating the migrants and should help in verification of credentials of migrating labourers to Punjab.Labour migration, Long-term migration, Short-term migration, Remittances, In-migration, Agricultural and Food Policy, J61, J62, R23,

Detection and Prevention of DDoS Attack Using Gateway Mechanism

Denial of service is one of the most terrible attacks is the cloning attack of the node, where the attacker captures the knot and extracts its secret information, create replicas and enter them in the network field other malevolent behavior. To detect and mitigate this attack, several static-based detection schemes have been proposed. The detection algorithm based on the node location speed was proposed, to detect the attack of nodes clones in the wireless network. This algorithm reduces the costs of communication, routing, overloading the entire network and improving network performance

Role of sugarcane bagasse and bamboo for adsorption of hydrolysed dyes from textile effluent: An overview

Adsorption process is one of the best ways for removal of dyes from effluent generated from different industries. The use of adsorbent manufactured from sugarcane bagasse as well as bamboo fibre bundles, an agro squander from sugar and building industries have been reviewed as an excellent replacement for stimulated carbon sorbents for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Agricultural based adsorbents prepared from sugarcane bagasse and bamboo may be successfully used to remove the unused hydrolyzed dyes from an effluent of textile dyeing industry. These ready adsorbents may very much capable in decolorization of the textile effluent. In this review, literature of two sorbents has been compiled. The review assesses these agricultural based materials as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of hydrolysed dyes from textile effluent. The review also draws some of the basic mechanism of dye adsorption on to.&nbsp