Beneficial effects of Morus alba and Azadirachta indica leaf extract based combination cream in scalding type burn injury in rats

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of a combination cream of aqueous extracts of leaves of Morus alba (MA) and Azadirachta indica (AI) in scalding type burn wound injury in rats.Methods: Plant material was successively extracted and aqueous extracts were selected. Three extract based cream formulations viz. 20% w/w(MA), 20% w/w (AI), and combination cream containing 10%+10% w/w (MA+AI) were prepared. Cream base and standard anti-burn cream containing silver sulfadiazine were also used for comparison. Scalding type burn was given by pouring water at 90°C on a shaved dorsal area of 20 mm2. Deep second-degree burn injury was produced which was evaluated for next 21 days for a percentage of wound contraction and period of epithelialization. On 21st day, animals were sacrificed and histopathological slides were prepared using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Burned tissue was also screened for levels of oxidative stress using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) estimation.Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in period of epithelialization in MA, AI, and MA+AI combination cream treated group as compared with control group. However, most significant results were obtained with MA+AI combination cream. Histologically, MA+AI cream treatment resulted in almost complete re-epithelialization and restructuring of the wound tissue. There was a significant rise in TBARS and decrease in GSH levels in burn injury group which was reversed to a major extent by the application of combination cream.Conclusions: The results indicate toward the possible role of free radical scavenging potential of extracts in the Burn wound tissue healing

Effect of Topical Application of Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Paste in Wound Healing Process in Mice

Background: Wound caused by trauma poses challenging daily clinical problems for physicians in hospitals and other health services. It has high risk for mortality and morbidity. Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] plant originates from China and can be found abundantly in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of topical application of Binahong leaf paste on wound healing process.Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to December 2012 by using 27 Mus Muscularis mice which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (sodium chloride 0.9%), group 2 (Binahong) and group 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Binahong leaves were crushed and were mixed with water to make a paste. The application was given for 12 days. On day zero, 1.0 cm2 of wound was incised at the back of the mice, and further on day 1, 4, 8 and 12, the percentage of wound contraction was measured. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study indicated that the percentage of wound contraction in group 2 on day 4 (1.17%), day 8 (23.7%) and day 12 (76.14%) is the highest among all groups. The result showed that the comparison between binahong and NaCl was highly significant on day 12, p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) and the data for comparison between Binahong and povidone iodine on day 12 was significant with p= 0.003 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Topical application of Binahong leaf paste shows better result in wound healing process of Mus muscularis mice. From this study it can be concluded that binahong promotes wound healing and can be used for home remedies for wound care and as an alternative traditional way to treat wound.[AMJ.2014;1(1):6–11]Keywords: Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], povidone iodine, wound healingEfek Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] secara topikal dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis MusmuscularisLatar Belakang: Luka yang disebabkan oleh trauma menjadi masalah klinis yang menantang bagi para dokter di rumah sakit maupun bagi petugas kesehatan lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Luka yang timbul tersebut memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas. Tanaman Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] berasal dari Cina dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui efek dari aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, mulai Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan tikus jenis MusMuscularis sebanyak 27 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 (natrium klorida 0,9%), kelompok 2 (pasta daun Binahong) dan kelompok 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Daun Binahong dihancurkan dan ditambahkan sedikit air sehingga menjadi bentuk pasta. Perlakuan diberikan selama 12 hari. Pada hari 0 dilakukan insisi pada punggung tikus untuk membuat luka sebesar 1,0 cm2. Persentase kontraksi luka akan dinilai pada hari ke-1, 4, 8, dan 12. Kontraksi luka adalah pengurangan luas pada area luka. Hasil penilaian tersebut akan dibandingkan pada tiap kelompok untuk melihat efektivitas aplikasi topikal pasta daun Binahong. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kontraksi luka kelompok 2 pada hari ke-4 (1,17%), hari ke-8 (23,7%), dan hari ke-12 (76,14%) adalah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat signifikan antara perbandingan Binahong dan natrium klorida pada hari ke-12, dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Perbandingan antara Binahong dan povidone iodine pada hari ke-12 juga menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan p=0,003 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis Musmuscularis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Binahong mempercepat penyembuhan luka serta dapat digunakan untuk perawatan luka di rumah dan sebagai cara alternatif yang bersifat tradisional untuk mengobati luka.Kata kunci: Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], penyembuhan luka, povidone iodine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.28

Observational study for the functional outcome of humerus shaft fractures treated with plating versus nailing

Background: Fractures of the humerus diaphysis comprise approximately 3% of all fractures. It’s treatment has mainly been conservative in the past but is not well tolerated by the patient now a days. Also, all humerus shaft fractures are not amenable to conservative methods. Operative interventions like dynamic compression plating and intramedullary nailing are associated with better functional outcome. There has been a lot of debate on which of the above two surgical methods is better for management of humeral shaft fractures to ensure better functional outcome and lesser complication rate. Objective were to compare the results of the plating and nailing in the treatment of humerus shaft with reference to A) functional outcome and B) complications and their management.Methods: All patients with fracture of humeral shaft presenting to the department of orthopaedics, MMIMSR, during the study period and that met our criteria were included in the study. Out of total 30 patients, 15 were randomly selected for intramedullary nailing and 15 for plating. Postoperatively, these patients were followed up for 6 months and relevant data was collected. Time taken for union, post operative complications rate and final functional outcome were then compared in the two groups. Study design was observational study.Results: It was observed that most of the patient that sustained humeral shaft fractures were 18-40 years of age. Post-operatively, fractures treated by plating united earlier, had lesser complications and significantly better functional outcome compared to nailing.Conclusions: We concluded that plating is a better method and more acceptable to patients as compare to intramedullary nailing for the treatment of fractures shaft humerus, as it is associated with better functional outcome, earlier union of fracture and lesser complication rate

Effect of Topical Application of Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Paste in Wound Healing Process in Mice

Background: Wound caused by trauma poses challenging daily clinical problems for physicians in hospitals and other health services. It has high risk for mortality and morbidity. Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] plant originates from China and can be found abundantly in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of topical application of Binahong leaf paste on wound healing process.Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to December 2012 by using 27 Mus Muscularis mice which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (sodium chloride 0.9%), group 2 (Binahong) and group 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Binahong leaves were crushed and were mixed with water to make a paste. The application was given for 12 days. On day zero, 1.0 cm2 of wound was incised at the back of the mice, and further on day 1, 4, 8 and 12, the percentage of wound contraction was measured. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study indicated that the percentage of wound contraction in group 2 on day 4 (1.17%), day 8 (23.7%) and day 12 (76.14%) is the highest among all groups. The result showed that the comparison between binahong and NaCl was highly significant on day 12, p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) and the data for comparison between Binahong and povidone iodine on day 12 was significant with p= 0.003 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Topical application of Binahong leaf paste shows better result in wound healing process of Mus muscularis mice. From this study it can be concluded that binahong promotes wound healing and can be used for home remedies for wound care and as an alternative traditional way to treat wound.[AMJ.2014;1(1):6–11]Keywords: Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], povidone iodine, wound healingEfek Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] secara topikal dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis MusmuscularisLatar Belakang: Luka yang disebabkan oleh trauma menjadi masalah klinis yang menantang bagi para dokter di rumah sakit maupun bagi petugas kesehatan lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Luka yang timbul tersebut memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas. Tanaman Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] berasal dari Cina dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui efek dari aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, mulai Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan tikus jenis MusMuscularis sebanyak 27 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 (natrium klorida 0,9%), kelompok 2 (pasta daun Binahong) dan kelompok 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Daun Binahong dihancurkan dan ditambahkan sedikit air sehingga menjadi bentuk pasta. Perlakuan diberikan selama 12 hari. Pada hari 0 dilakukan insisi pada punggung tikus untuk membuat luka sebesar 1,0 cm2. Persentase kontraksi luka akan dinilai pada hari ke-1, 4, 8, dan 12. Kontraksi luka adalah pengurangan luas pada area luka. Hasil penilaian tersebut akan dibandingkan pada tiap kelompok untuk melihat efektivitas aplikasi topikal pasta daun Binahong. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kontraksi luka kelompok 2 pada hari ke-4 (1,17%), hari ke-8 (23,7%), dan hari ke-12 (76,14%) adalah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat signifikan antara perbandingan Binahong dan natrium klorida pada hari ke-12, dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Perbandingan antara Binahong dan povidone iodine pada hari ke-12 juga menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan p=0,003 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis Musmuscularis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Binahong mempercepat penyembuhan luka serta dapat digunakan untuk perawatan luka di rumah dan sebagai cara alternatif yang bersifat tradisional untuk mengobati luka.Kata kunci: Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], penyembuhan luka, povidone iodine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.28

Analysis on institutional theory, mimetic isomorphism, and firm performance

The institutional isomorphism which clarifies the similarity between endeavors in the authoritative field is at the center of the institutional theory of organization. In this article, current knowledge on this field management approach is emphasized and the lack of such a theory in the field of multinational companies and their subsidiaries is highlighted; because of the intricacy and the intricacy of activities, the external climate, and intra-hierarchical climate, multinational companies are interesting to researchers. The present winning thought is that each association is one of a kind and, in its techniques and hierarchical conduct, specific. Be that as it may, we observe how associations, especially those working inside a similar industry, are getting comparative and equivalent to one another. This is clarified by the institutional hypothesis of association, which was at first settled to reprimand the hypothesis of possibility and which upholds the singularity of associations

Exploring the unusual: a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor

Ovarian steroid cell tumors are rare, representing less than 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms. Among the myriad causes of hirsutism, ovarian tumors account for 1% of the reported cases. We present the case of a 49-year-old parous postmenopausal woman who sought medical attention for hirsutism for 2 years. This case illustrates the unusual and interesting connection between rare ovarian pathology and the clinical manifestation of hirsutism in a postmenopausal patient. Her ultrasonography and MRI showed a right adnexal mass of solid-cystic consistency with thin septations. Her laboratory workup revealed high levels of total testosterone of 256 ng/ml (8.4-48.1ng/ml) and free testosterone of 7.36 pg/ml (0.2-4.1 pg/ml), while DHEAS - 234 µg/dl (35.4-256 µg/dl) and CA125 - 15.8U/L (0.0-35 U/L) were in the normal range. She underwent exploratory laparotomy with a total abdominal hysterectomy and oophorectomy. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry conclusively established the presence of a steroid cell tumor, specifically classified as "Not Otherwise Specified"(NOS), in the right ovary

Congenital Rubella Syndrome as a possible cause for persistent thrombocytopenia in early infancy: The Forgotten Culprit

We present a case of a late preterm intrauterine growth-restricted neonate with isolated and persistent severe thrombocytopenia. At birth, the neonate did not have a complete clinical spectrum of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) but later developed peculiar findings that helped clinch the diagnosis. The neonate also had interstitial pneumonia and died secondary to superimposed acute viral infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The serology was positive for IgM antibodies against the rubella virus. The constellation of clinical manifestations of congenital rubella in the presence of positive IgM antibody against rubella and consistent histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of CRS

Banded leaf and sheath blight: threat to maize

Not AvailableBanded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) is a destructive disease of maize and it leads to 100 per cent yield losses. The causal organism of BLSB is Rhizoctonia solani and the organism grows under favourable humidity (88–90 per cent) and temperature (15–35o C) conditions. The management practices used to control the disease spread are inadequate at this moment due to its broad host range. Therefore, the identification and exploitation of genetic resistance is an economical and sustainable option to control this disease. However, limited genetic variability poses a major challenge for resistance breeding against BLSB in maize. A few resistant sources have been identified and used for the identification of QTLs and candidate genes responsible for BLSB resistance. Here, we summarized the management practices, genetic resources, and different molecular approaches used to identify the QTLs and key candidate genes associated with BLSB resistance in maizeNot Availabl