α-SMA and Ki-67 Immunohistochemistry as Indicators for the Fibrotic Remodeling Process in the Liver of Dogs

Liver cirrhosis is a fatal end-stage of various chronic liver diseases. It develops from persistent liver cell necrosis with resulting fibrosis. Because liver cirrhosis is an irreversible process it is important to recognize the reversible fibrotic stages of the disease. Different markers and staining are currently used to detect fibrosis. Besides plasma markers, some tissue markers are currently being used for this purpose. In this study, we investigated the expression of two immunohistochemical markers (Ki-67, α-SMA) in liver diseases with and without fibrosis in dogs and compared their expression with the degree of tissue fibrosis, assessed by Masson trichrome staining. In all the stages of fibrosis, Ki-67 and α-SMA was expressed in the liver tissue. There was no significant difference between Masson trichrome staining which is “gold standard” and expression of Ki-67 or α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). We concluded that Ki-67 and α-SMA can be potentially used as markers for the fibrotic remodeling of the liver

Импортозамещение межсекционных уплотнений на примере многоступенчатого насоса "Grundfos"

Bronchoconstriction is a characteristic symptom of various chronic obstructive respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are a suitable ex vivo model to study physiological mechanisms of bronchoconstriction in different species. In the present study, we established an ex vivo model of bronchoconstriction in non-human primates (NHPs). PCLS prepared from common marmosets, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and anubis baboons were stimulated with increasing concentrations of representative bronchoconstrictors: methacholine, histamine, serotonin, leukotriene D4 (LTD4), U46619, and endothelin-1. Alterations in the airway caliber were measured and compared to previously published data from rodents, guinea pigs, and humans. Methacholine induced maximal airway constriction, varying between 74 and 88% in all NHP species, whereas serotonin was ineffective. Histamine induced maximal bronchoconstriction of 77 to 90% in rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, and baboons, and a lesser constriction of 53% in marmosets. LTD4 was ineffective in marmosets and rhesus macaques, but induced a maximum constriction of 44 to 49% in cynomolgus macaques and baboons. U46619 and endothelin-1 caused airway constriction in all NHP species, with maximum constrictions of 65 to 91%, and 70 to 81%, respectively. In conclusion, PCLS from NHPs represent a valuable ex vivo model for studying bronchoconstriction. All NHPs respond to mediators relevant to human airway disorders such as methacholine, histamine, U46619, endothelin-1 and are insensitive to the rodent mast cell product serotonin. Only PCLS from cynomolgus macaques and baboons, however, responded also to leukotrienes, suggesting that among all compared species, these two NHPs resemble the human airway mechanisms bes

AIDS-Verbund Goettingen: HIV/SIV Immunpathogenese und -praevention Abschlussbericht der Teilprojekte des DPZ

Coordination and conduction in a central unit of infection and vaccine experiments was rational and successful. SiV and HIV vaccines prepared with components derived with recombinant baculo viruses as well as DNA vaccines were not very successful in the SIV rhesus monkey model. The GALT is affected rapidly after SIV infection independent of the route. Specific MHC allele combinations strongly influence the course of AIDS in rhesus macaques. Non progressor SIV-infected rhesus monkeys express a TH1 cytokine pattern while animals rapidly progressing to disease more likely express a TH2 pattern. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F99B20 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Absorção de anticorpos do colostro em bezerros: II. Estudo no intestino delgado distal Colostral antibodies absorption in calves: II. Distal small intestine

Com o objetivo de estudar a morfologia e determinar a localização da enzima fosfatase ácida na região distal do intestino delgado de bezerros, do nascimento ao fechamento intestinal, foram coletadas amostras de 15 animais machos em três idades: ao nascer sem que houvesse a ingestão de colostro; três horas após a ingestão da primeira refeição de colostro e aos três dias de idade. Observou-se, ao nascimento, a presença de um grande vacúolo, que dominava todo o citoplasma das células epiteliais do jejuno distal e íleo. Após a ingestão de colostro, verificou-se o acúmulo de material absorvido nesses vacúolos. Foi detectada a reação de fosfatase ácida nas células absortivas de bezerros recém-nascidos, antes e após a ingestão de colostro. Aos três dias de idade, uma nova população de células geralmente não vacuoladas, com sistema endocítico apical reduzido, foi observada recobrindo as vilosidades intestinais. Portanto, em bezerros a maturação do epitélio absortivo do intestino delgado distal pode iniciar-se com o aumento da atividade enzimática nos vacúolos absortivos, culminando com a rápida substituição das células fetais por células diferenciadas não pinocíticas, o que determinaria o término da transferência de anticorpos maternos.<br>The localization of acid phosphatase at distal small intestine and its morphology were studied f0rom birth to intestinal closure from fifteen male dairy calves aged: unsuckled neonatal, three hours after colostrum ingestion and three days old. At birth, the presence of a large vacuole was found and it expanded all over the epithelial cells cytoplasm at distal jejunum and ileum. For colostrum fed calves, ingested material could be observed in the vacuole. The phosphatase acid reaction was detected in the absorptive cells of suckled and unsuckled newborn calves. Calves aged three days old, a new population of non-vacuolated cells and reduced apical endocytic system were found surrounding the villi. Thus, it's suggested that the absorptive epithelium maturation of distal small intestine can be initiated by increasing the enzymatic activity in the absorptive vacuoles, ending by the substitution of fetal cells, by non-differentiated pinocytic cells and resulting in the cessation of maternal antibody transfer

The early phase of simian immunodeficiency virus infection of rhesus macaques is characterized by mucosal CD4#+-# T cell depletion, high viral load, and enteropathy

Background and aims: Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) leads to severe immunologic and functional disturbances in the intestinal tract in late stages of disease. Informations on mucosal pathology directly after infection are limited. We characterized this early phase in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Methods: Eight rhesus macaques were infected with SIV. Upper endoscopy was performed at defined times before and after infection. Viral load, percentage, of CD4&quot;#+-#T cells, villus height, crypt depth, and Ki-67&quot;+ crypt cells were analyzed in the duodenum. Serum #beta#-carotene and vitamin D levels were assessed. Results: A rapid increase of duodenal SIV core protein (p27) concentration was found in parallel with a nearly complete loss of intestinal CD4&quot;#+-#T cells within two weeks after infection. A decrease of villus height was observed and the percentage of Ki-67&quot;#+-# (proliferating) crypt cells increased. Vitamin D serum concentrations decreased in 6/8 animals and #beta#-carotene in 3/8 animals after infection. Conclusions: Mucosal SIV replication and intestinal CD4&quot;#+-#T cell depletion are early events in SIV infected rhesus macaques. The structural changes of the mucosa strongly support the concept of HIV/SIV-induced enteropathy. In contrast to late stage human HIV infection, early small intestinal villus atrophy in SIV infection is associated with crypt hyperplasia. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F98B1907 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman