Antichaos in a Class of Random Boolean Cellular Automata

A variant of Kauffman's model of cellular metabolism is presented. It is a randomly generated network of boolean gates, identical to Kauffman's except for a small bias in favor of boolean gates that depend on at most one input. The bias is asymptotic to 0 as the number of gates increases. Upper bounds on the time until the network reaches a state cycle and the size of the state cycle, as functions of the number of gates $n$, are derived. If the bias approaches 0 slowly enough, the state cycles will be smaller than $n^c$ for some $c<1$. This lends support to Kauffman's claim that in his version of random network the average size of the state cycles is approximately $n^{1/2}$.Comment: 12 pages. A uuencoded, tar-compressed postscipt file containing figures has been adde

Production of a Higgs pseudoscalar plus two jets in hadronic collisions

We consider the production of a Higgs pseudoscalar accompanied by two jets in hadronic collisions. We work in the limit that the top quark is much heavier than the Higgs pseudoscalar and use an effective Lagrangian for the interactions of gluons with the pseudoscalar. We compute the amplitudes involving: 1) four gluons and the pseudoscalar, 2) two quarks, two gluons and the pseudoscalar and 3) four quarks and the pseudoscalar. We find that the pseudoscalar amplitudes are nearly identical to those for the scalar case, the only differences being the overall size and the relative signs between terms. We present numerical cross sections for proton-proton collisions with center-of-mass energy 14 TeV.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 4 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Focal region fields of distorted reflectors

The problem of the focal region fields scattered by an arbitrary surface reflector under uniform plane wave illumination is solved. The physical optics (PO) approximation is used to calculate the current induced on the reflector. The surface of the reflector is described by a number of triangular domain-wise 5th degree bivariate polynomials. A 2-dimensional Gaussian quadrature is employed to numerically evaluate the integral expressions of the scattered fields. No Freshnel or Fraunhofer zone approximations are made. The relation of the focal fields problem to surface compensation techniques and other applications are mentioned. Several examples of distorted parabolic reflectors are presented. The computer code developed is included, together with instructions on its usage

The Unified Learning Model: How Motivational, Cognitive, and Neurobiological Sciences Inform Best Teaching Practices

Information: In this presentation, Dr. Duane Shell and Dr. Doug Kauffman will present a summary of the recently published book, The Unified Learning Model: How Motivational, Cognitive, and Neurobiological Sciences Inform Best Teaching Practices (Shell, Brooks, Trainin, Wilson, Kauffman, and Herr, 2010). They will begin with an overview of the book including a description of three key principles to all learning. The presenters will then relate these general principles to teaching and learning in the sciences. They will facilitate a discussion on how our current understanding of human learning enhances science teaching and learning and ask the questions of whether or not science possesses unique learning challenges as compared to other content areas

Protein Malnutrition and the Febrile Response in the Fischer Rat

We assessed the effect of protein deprivation on the ability of peritoneal macrophages from Fischer rats to produce interieukin‐1 (IL‐1) after in vitro stimulation. Pyrogenic activity of supernatants was measured by an in vivo febrile response assay. Control rats were given a 23% casein diet and protein‐malnourished rats were given an 8% casein diet for 4 weeks. IL‐1‐containing supernatants prepared from peritoneal macrophages were injected into assay rats, whose temperatures were measured for 6 hours (δT6). Rats injected with IL‐1‐containing supernatants derived from peritoneal macrophage cultures of protein‐deprived rats had significantly less fever (δT6 = 0.20 ± 0.09°) than rats injected with IL‐1 containing supernatants derived from peritoneal macrophage cultures of control rats (δT6 = 0.56 ± 0.09°), P < .01. Protein malnutrition leads to diminished pyrogenicity of macrophage culture supernatants and may be at least partly responsible for the decreased febrile response seen in the malnourished animals.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142038/1/jlb0036.pd

Impact of Emotional Distress on Prescription Opioid Abuse in a Rural Juvenile Drug Court Sample

Background: Ohio is at the epicenter of the opioid epidemic, and the current crisis disproportionately burdens rural areas. The Self-Medication Hypothesis and work examining adverse childhood experiences posit that drug use may be understood as a coping strategy to address emotional distress.Methods: Juvenile drug court participants in a Northwest Ohio county were administered a standardized biopsychosocial assessment. Intake interviews from January 2010 and November 2018 were used to evaluate the relationship between emotional distress reported using the Emotional Problem Scale (EPS) and lifetime nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Linear regression was used to examine temporal trends in EPS scores. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between EPS scores and prescription opioid misuse, controlling for temporal trends.Results: Linear regression showed a significant increase in emotional distress over the study period for both pre-scription opioid users and nonusers. Average scores increased 29.5 points (on a 100 point scale) over the duration of the study (P &lt;0.0001). A 10-point increase in EPS score was associated with a nearly 50% increase in the lifetime odds of pre-scription opioid misuse (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.19-1.82, P = 0.0004). The odds of prescription opioid misuse declined each year (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81, P = 0.0006).Conclusion: Rates of prescription opioid misuse have decreased over time despite a significant association be-tween emotional distress and opioid misuse and trend toward increasing EPS scores. While efforts to reduce prescription opioid misuse appear to have been effective in this population, significant work is needed to reduce underlying risk fac-tors

Topology and Evolution of Technology Innovation Networks

The web of relations linking technological innovation can be fairly described in terms of patent citations. The resulting patent citation network provides a picture of the large-scale organization of innovations and its time evolution. Here we study the patterns of change of patents registered by the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). We show that the scaling behavior exhibited by this network is consistent with a preferential attachment mechanism together with a Weibull-shaped aging term. Such attachment kernel is shared by scientific citation networks, thus indicating an universal type of mechanism linking ideas and designs and their evolution. The implications for evolutionary theory of innovation are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Properties of Galactic Outflows: Measurements of the Feedback from Star Formation

Properties of starburst-driven outflows in dwarf galaxies are compared to those in more massive galaxies. Over a factor of roughly 10 in galactic rotation speed, supershells are shown to lift warm ionized gas out of the disk at rates up to several times the star formation rate. The amount of mass escaping the galactic potential, in contrast to the disk, does depend on the galactic mass. The temperature of the hottest extended \x emission shows little variation around $\sim 10^{6.7}$ K, and this gas has enough energy to escape from the galaxies with rotation speed less than approximately 130 km/s.Comment: 11 pages + 3 figues. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa