Lunar dust transport and potential interactions with power system components

The lunar surface is covered by a thick blanket of fine dust. This dust may be readily suspended from the surface and transported by a variety of mechanisms. As a consequence, lunar dust can accumulate on sensitive power components, such as photovoltaic arrays and radiator surfaces, reducing their performance. In addition to natural mechanisms, human activities on the Moon will disturb significant amounts of lunar dust. Of all the mechanisms identified, the most serious is rocket launch and landing. The return of components from the Surveyor 3 provided a rare opportunity to observe the effects of the nearby landing of the Apollo 12 Lunar Module. The evidence proved that significant dust accumulation occurred on the Surveyor at a distance of 155 m. From available information on particle suspension and transport mechanisms, a series of models was developed to predict dust accumulation as a function of distance from the lunar module. The accumulation distribution was extrapolated to a future Lunar Lander scenario. These models indicate that accumulation is expected to be substantial even as far as 2 km from the landing site. Estimates of the performance penalties associated with lunar dust coverage and photovoltaic arrays are presented. Because of the lunar dust adhesive and cohesive properties, the most practical dust defensive strategy appears to be the protection of sensitive components from the arrival of lunar dust by location, orientation, or barriers

Foundations Of Service Science Concepts And Facilities

This paper gives a conspectus of Service Science for academicians and practitioners with the express purpose of defining the scope of the discipline. The subject of services is the up and coming discipline for the 21st century, and it encompasses technology, entrepreneurship, business growth, and innovation four subjects that are generally of interest to most managers and scientists, alike. Services are important to people in business, government, education, health care and management, religion, military, scientific research, engineering, and other endeavors that are too numerous to mention, because most service providers be they individuals, businesses, governments, and so forth are also consumers of services. This is the first of three introductory papers on the subject. The second paper, entitled Foundations of Service Science: Management and Business covers the operational environment for services, and the final paper entitled Foundations of Service Science: Technology and Architecture covers the technical and architectural basis for the Service Science discipline

Principles Of Tablet Computing For Educators

In the study of modern technology for the 21st century, one of the most popular subjects is tablet computing.  Tablet computers are now used in business, government, education, and the personal lives of practically everyone – at least, it seems that way.  As of October 2013, Apple has sold 170 million iPads.  The success of tablets is enormous and has severely cut into the sales of personal computers.  The reason is simple: the mobile tasks performed with tablets are precisely those that people would like to perform with traditional computers, without the inconvenience.  Tablets are useful, because they are small and light weight.  Tablets are adaptable, because the owner can download applications (called apps) that are useful to them and ignore the rest.  Tablets are likeable, because they have a bright screen, a touch interface, and are inexpensive and secure.  There are teaching apps, learning apps, news apps, weather apps, music apps, video apps, photo apps, document apps, email apps, presentation apps, calculation apps, electronic book apps, map apps, game apps, Internet apps, and the list goes on-and-on.  So a user can select exactly what to do with a tablet, when they want to do it.  The introduction of tablet computers has drastically changed the way that academic subject matter is delivered to students and how those students use tablets to enhance their learning experience.  The obvious advantages pose a vexing problem.  Many educators have neither the time nor the inclination to look into this new subject.  This paper covers a brief history of tablet computers, the tablet hardware, tablet operating systems, app development, and a comparison of the various categories of tablet computers.  This paper is intended for educators who would like to tap into the convenience of tablet computing

Financial Data Quality − A Business Information Systems Perspective

The subject of data quality has become increasingly important in recent years as capital markets evolve from supply-based businesses to demand-demand driven enterprises. More organizations understand the impact of poor-quality on business performance and recognize that there is more to the subject than “data cleansing.” Service systems based on service-oriented architecture encourage a closer look at the data quality tools, and the impact of quality financial reporting on market value. This paper gives a business perspective on financial data quality from the viewpoint of enterprise systems architecture

Cloud Computing, I-Service, And IT Service Provisioning

Cloud computing is an architecture for providing computing service via the Internet. Use of the term cloud is a metaphor for the representation of the Internet used in most systems diagrams. In this case, the Internet is the transport mechanism between a client and a server located somewhere in cyberspace, as compared to having computer applications residing on an on premises computer. Adoption of cloud computing practically eliminates two ongoing problems in IT service provisioning: the upfront costs of acquiring computational resources and the time delay of building and deploying software applications. This paper covers both subjects

Principles Of Service Systems: An Ontological Approach

This paper delineates the principles of service systems, based on an ontological foundation of the subject matter developed independently of a particular endeavor, that are required to enable communication among researchers and assist in the ongoing theoretical development of the constituent topics. The paper begins with the presentation of service elements and progresses through the various topics until the requisite concepts, relations, and vocabulary are formulated. The subjects are presented in a developmental manner to promote clarity and readability by a broad service science audience and to support research in the discipline

Contemporary Issues in Cybersecurity

The effectiveness of modern computer applications is normally regarded as a function of five basic attributes of secure computer and information systems: availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity.  The concepts generally apply to government, business, education, and the ordinary lives of private individuals.  The considerations normally involve extended Internet applications – hence the name Cybersecurity.  Achieving and maintaining a secure cyberspace is a complicated process, and some of the concerns involve personal identity, privacy, intellectual property, the critical infrastructure, and the sustainability of organizations.  The threats to a secure operating infrastructure are serious and profound: cyber terrorism, cyber war, cyber espionage, and cyber crime, to which the technical community has responded with safeguards and procedures, usually supplied by the private sector.  This paper provides a comprehensive view of security in the cyber domain with the ultimate objective of developing a science of cybersecurity

Foundations Of Service Science Technology And Architecture

This paper concludes the conspectus of Service Science for academicians and practitioners. It follows the two previous papers, entitled Foundations of Service Science: Concepts and Facilities and Foundations of Service Science: Management and Business, with the express purpose of defining the scope of the discipline. An eclectic background in service technology and service architecture is required to fully explore the research potential of a science based on services. This paper reviews the technical concepts needed to apply the concepts that have previously been introduced

Foundations Of Service Science Management And Business

This paper continues with the conspectus of Service Science for academicians and practitioners. It follows the previous paper, entitled Foundations of Service Science: Concepts and Facilities, with the express purpose of defining the scope of the discipline. A thriving flexible service economy has emerged through globalization and digitization, and as a direct result, the modern enterprise has a dynamically changing boundary based on a portfolio of services obtained through make, buy, or rent decisions. Through the application of information and communications technology (ICT), many organizations have adjusted everyday operations enabling them to go through a transformational process to achieve revenue growth by being able to respond more quickly to changing market conditions and by being more effective and efficient in the application of services. The viewpoint taken here is that service management and modern business usually employ a complex computer infrastructure, but their domain is by no means restricted to computer-based services

On An Ontological View Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an architecture for providing computing service via the Internet.  Use of the term “cloud” is a metaphor for the representation of the Internet used in most systems diagrams.  In this case, the Internet is the transport mechanism between a client and a server located somewhere in cyberspace, as compared to having computer applications residing on an “on premises” computer.  Adoption of cloud computing practically eliminates two ongoing problems in IT service provisioning: the upfront costs of acquiring computational resources and the time delay of building and deploying software applications.  This paper gives an ontological view of the subject in order to serve as a point of reference in the discipline and to facilitate ongoing technical development