20,159 research outputs found
Reionization history constraints from neural network based predictions of high-redshift quasar continua
Observations of the early Universe suggest that reionization was complete by
, however, the exact history of this process is still unknown. One
method for measuring the evolution of the neutral fraction throughout this
epoch is via observing the Ly damping wings of high-redshift quasars.
In order to constrain the neutral fraction from quasar observations, one needs
an accurate model of the quasar spectrum around Ly, after the spectrum
has been processed by its host galaxy but before it is altered by absorption
and damping in the intervening IGM. In this paper, we present a novel machine
learning approach, using artificial neural networks, to reconstruct quasar
continua around Ly. Our QSANNdRA algorithm improves the error in this
reconstruction compared to the state-of-the-art PCA-based model in the
literature by 14.2% on average, and provides an improvement of 6.1% on average
when compared to an extension thereof. In comparison with the extended PCA
model, QSANNdRA further achieves an improvement of 22.1% and 16.8% when
evaluated on low-redshift quasars most similar to the two high-redshift quasars
under consideration, ULAS J1120+0641 at and ULAS J1342+0928 at
, respectively. Using our more accurate reconstructions of these two
quasars, we estimate the neutral fraction of the IGM using a homogeneous
reionization model and find at
and at . Our
results are consistent with the literature and favour a rapid end to
reionization
Reciprocity relations between ordinary temperature and the Frieden-Soffer's Fisher-temperature
Frieden and Soffer conjectured some years ago the existence of a ``Fisher
temperature" T_F that would play, with regards to Fisher's information measure
I, the same role that the ordinary temperature T plays vis-a-vis Shannon's
logarithmic measure. Here we exhibit the existence of reciprocity relations
between T_F and T and provide an interpretation with reference to the meaning
of T_F for the canonical ensemble.Comment: 3 pages, no figure
Critical point of QCD at finite T and \mu, lattice results for physical quark masses
A critical point (E) is expected in QCD on the temperature (T) versus
baryonic chemical potential (\mu) plane. Using a recently proposed lattice
method for \mu \neq 0 we study dynamical QCD with n_f=2+1 staggered quarks of
physical masses on L_t=4 lattices. Our result for the critical point is T_E=162
\pm 2 MeV and \mu_E= 360 \pm 40 MeV. For the critical temperature at \mu=0 we
obtained T_c=164 \pm 2 MeV. This work extends our previous study [Z. Fodor and
S.D.Katz, JHEP 0203 (2002) 014] by two means. It decreases the light quark
masses (m_{u,d}) by a factor of three down to their physical values.
Furthermore, in order to approach the thermodynamical limit we increase our
largest volume by a factor of three. As expected, decreasing m_{u,d} decreased
\mu_E. Note, that the continuum extrapolation is still missingComment: 10 pages, 2 figure
The Gaugephobic Higgs
We present a class of models that contains Randall-Sundrum and Higgsless
models as limiting cases. Over a wide range of the parameter space WW
scattering is mainly unitarized by Kaluza-Klein partners of the W and Z, and
the Higgs particle has suppressed couplings to the gauge bosons. Such a
gaugephobic Higgs can be significantly lighter than the 114 GeV LEP bound for a
standard Higgs, or heavier than the theoretical upper bound. These models
predict a suppressed single top production rate and unconventional Higgs
phenomenology at the LHC: the Higgs production rates will be suppressed and the
Higgs branching fractions modified. However, the more difficult the Higgs
search at the LHC is, the easier the search for other light resonances (like
Z', W', t', exotic fermions) will be.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Random matrix theory, the exceptional Lie groups, and L-functions
There has recently been interest in relating properties of matrices drawn at
random from the classical compact groups to statistical characteristics of
number-theoretical L-functions. One example is the relationship conjectured to
hold between the value distributions of the characteristic polynomials of such
matrices and value distributions within families of L-functions. These
connections are here extended to non-classical groups. We focus on an explicit
example: the exceptional Lie group G_2. The value distributions for
characteristic polynomials associated with the 7- and 14-dimensional
representations of G_2, defined with respect to the uniform invariant (Haar)
measure, are calculated using two of the Macdonald constant term identities. A
one parameter family of L-functions over a finite field is described whose
value distribution in the limit as the size of the finite field grows is
related to that of the characteristic polynomials associated with the
7-dimensional representation of G_2. The random matrix calculations extend to
all exceptional Lie groupsComment: 14 page
Light-Front Quantization and AdS/QCD: An Overview
We give an overview of the light-front holographic approach to strongly
coupled QCD, whereby a confining gauge theory, quantized on the light front, is
mapped to a higher-dimensional anti de Sitter (AdS) space. The framework is
guided by the AdS/CFT correspondence incorporating a gravitational background
asymptotic to AdS space which encodes the salient properties of QCD, such as
the ultraviolet conformal limit at the AdS boundary at , as well as
modifications of the geometry in the large infrared region to describe
confinement and linear Regge behavior. There are two equivalent procedures for
deriving the AdS/QCD equations of motion: one can start from the Hamiltonian
equation of motion in physical space time by studying the off-shell dynamics of
the bound state wavefunctions as a function of the invariant mass of the
constituents. To a first semiclassical approximation, where quantum loops and
quark masses are not included, this leads to a light-front Hamiltonian equation
which describes the bound state dynamics of light hadrons in terms of an
invariant impact variable which measures the separation of the partons
within the hadron at equal light-front time. Alternatively, one can start from
the gravity side by studying the propagation of hadronic modes in a fixed
effective gravitational background. Both approaches are equivalent in the
semiclassical approximation. This allows us to identify the holographic
variable in AdS space with the impact variable . Light-front
holography thus allows a precise mapping of transition amplitudes from AdS to
physical space-time. The internal structure of hadrons is explicitly introduced
and the angular momentum of the constituents plays a key role.Comment: Invited talk presented by GdT at the XIV School of Particles and
Fields, Morelia, Mexico, November 8-12, 201
Gauge/Anomaly Syzygy and Generalized Brane World Models of Supersymmetry Breaking
In theories in which SUSY is broken on a brane separated from the MSSM matter
fields, supersymmetry breaking is naturally mediated in a variety of ways.
Absent other light fields in the theory, gravity will mediate supersymmetry
breaking through the conformal anomaly. If gauge fields propagate in the extra
dimension they, too, can mediate supersymmetry breaking effects. The presence
of gauge fields in the bulk motivates us to consider the effects of new
messenger fields with holomorphic and non-holomorphic couplings to the
supersymmetry breaking sector. These can lead to contributions to the soft
masses of MSSM fields which dramatically alter the features of brane world
scenarios of supersymmetry breaking. In particular, they can solve the negative
slepton mass squared problem of anomaly mediation and change the predictions of
gaugino mediation.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe
Distribution of the Riemann zeros represented by the Fermi gas
The multiparticle density matrices for degenerate, ideal Fermi gas system in
any dimension are calculated. The results are expressed as a determinant form,
in which a correlation kernel plays a vital role. Interestingly, the
correlation structure of one-dimensional Fermi gas system is essentially
equivalent to that observed for the eigenvalue distribution of random unitary
matrices, and thus to that conjectured for the distribution of the non-trivial
zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Implications of the present findings are
discussed briefly.Comment: 7 page
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Indoor Particulate Matter during HOMEChem: Concentrations, Size Distributions, and Exposures.
It is important to improve our understanding of exposure to particulate matter (PM) in residences because of associated health risks. The HOMEChem campaign was conducted to investigate indoor chemistry in a manufactured test house during prescribed everyday activities, such as cooking, cleaning, and opening doors and windows. This paper focuses on measured size distributions of PM (0.001-20 μm), along with estimated exposures and respiratory-tract deposition. Number concentrations were highest for sub-10 nm particles during cooking using a propane-fueled stovetop. During some cooking activities, calculated PM2.5 mass concentrations (assuming a density of 1 g cm-3) exceeded 250 μg m-3, and exposure during the postcooking decay phase exceeded that of the cooking period itself. The modeled PM respiratory deposition for an adult residing in the test house kitchen for 12 h varied from 7 μg on a day with no indoor activities to 68 μg during a simulated day (including breakfast, lunch, and dinner preparation interspersed by cleaning activities) and rose to 149 μg during a simulated Thanksgiving day
A network-based ranking system for American college football
American college football faces a conflict created by the desire to stage
national championship games between the best teams of a season when there is no
conventional playoff system to decide which those teams are. Instead, ranking
of teams is based on their record of wins and losses during the season, but
each team plays only a small fraction of eligible opponents, making the system
underdetermined or contradictory or both. It is an interesting challenge to
create a ranking system that at once is mathematically well-founded, gives
results in general accord with received wisdom concerning the relative
strengths of the teams, and is based upon intuitive principles, allowing it to
be accepted readily by fans and experts alike. Here we introduce a
one-parameter ranking method that satisfies all of these requirements and is
based on a network representation of college football schedules.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
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