First-principles method justifying the Dieke diagram and beyond

We present a method to determine the model Hamiltonians to treat rare-earth multiplets in solids from the results of the quasiparticle self-consistent \textit{GW} (QSGW) method. We apply the method to trivalent Eu compounds EuCl$_3$, EuN, and Eu-doped GaN after examining free rare-earth ions. We solve the model Hamiltonian by the exact diagonalization. Our results justify applying the Dieke diagram to ions in solid, while its limitation is clarified. In particular, we show that the crystal fields cause sizable breaking of the Russell-Saunders coupling.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Racemic (RS C,SR S)-(2-{[1-allyl­oxy­carbonyl-3-(methyl­sulfanyl)prop­yl]iminometh­yl}phenyl-κ3 S,N,C 1)chlorido­platinum(II)

The title compound, [Pt(C15H18NO2S)Cl], was obtained by the cyclo­metallation reaction of cis-bis­(benzonitrile)dichlorido­platinum(II) with N-benzyl­idene-l-methio­nine allyl ester in refluxing toluene. The PtII atom has a square-planar geometry and is tetra-coordinated by the Cl atom and the C, N and S atoms from the benzyl­idene methio­nine ester ligand. In the crystal structure, the S atoms show opposite chiral configurations with respect to the α-carbon of the methio­nine, reducing steric repulsion between the methyl and allyl ester groups

Characteristics of the ice pellets observed in mid-winter in the Arctic region

In mid-winter ice pellets were observed at Inuvik, Canada and Kiruna, Sweden in the Arctic region. The size distribution, morphology and crystalline nature were examined from the photomicrographs. Moreover, meteorological conditions in which the ice pellets could form were examined from the sounding data at Inuvik. The following results were obtained. (1) The sizes of ice pellets in the Arctic regions were considerably smaller than those in temperate regions. (2) The ice pellets simultaneously fell with the snow crystals with frozen small raindrops. (3) The morphology of ice pellets with a bulge or a spike was qualitatively similar to the results of laboratory experiments. (4) The rate of shattering was smaller than the results of laboratory experiments. (5) Single crystalline ice pellets were abundant in the size < 200μm. (6) Ice pellets in the Arctic are formed through the freezing of supercooled drizzle drops, which are formed by condensation-coalescence process below the freezing temperature

Aeroheating Measurement of Apollo Shaped Capsule with Boundary Layer Trip in the Free-piston Shock Tunnel HIEST

An aeroheating measurement test campaign of an Apollo capsule model with laminar and turbulent boundary layer was performed in the free-piston shock tunnel HIEST at JAXA Kakuda Space Center. A 250mm-diameter 6.4%-scaled Apollo CM capsule model made of SUS-304 stainless steel was applied in this study. To measure heat flux distribution, the model was equipped with 88 miniature co-axial Chromel-Constantan thermocouples on the heat shield surface of the model. In order to promote boundary layer transition, a boundary layer trip insert with 13 "pizza-box" isolated roughness elements, which have 1.27mm square, were placed at 17mm below of the model geometric center. Three boundary layer trip inserts with roughness height of k=0.3mm, 0.6mm and 0.8mm were used to identify the appropriate height to induce transition. Heat flux records with or without roughness elements were obtained for model angles of attack 28 under stagnation enthalpy between H(sub 0)=3.5MJ/kg to 21MJ/kg and stagnation pressure between P(sub 0)=14MPa to 60MPa. Under the condition above, Reynolds number based on the model diameter was varied from 0.2 to 1.3 million. With roughness elements, boundary layer became fully turbulent less than H(sub 0)=9MJ/kg condition. However, boundary layer was still laminar over H(sub 0)=13MJ/kg condition even with the highest roughness elements. An additional experiment was also performed to correct unexpected heat flux augmentation observed over H(sub 0)=9MJ/kg condition