1,183 research outputs found
Warm turbulence in the Boltzmann equation
We study the single-particle distributions of three-dimensional hard sphere
gas described by the Boltzmann equation. We focus on the steady homogeneous
isotropic solutions in thermodynamically open conditions, i.e. in the presence
of forcing and dissipation. We observe nonequilibrium steady state solution
characterized by a warm turbulence, that is an energy and particle cascade
superimposed on the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. We use a dimensional
analysis approach to relate the thermodynamic quantities of the steady state
with the characteristics of the forcing and dissipation terms. In particular,
we present an analytical prediction for the temperature of the system which we
show to be dependent only on the forcing and dissipative scales. Numerical
simulations of the Boltzmann equation support our analytical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Efficiency and spectrum of internal gamma-ray burst shocks
We present an analysis of the Internal Shock Model of GRBs, where gamma-rays
are produced by internal shocks within a relativistic wind. We show that
observed GRB characteristics impose stringent constraints on wind and source
parameters. We find that a significant fraction, of order 20 %, of the wind
kinetic energy can be converted to radiation, provided the distribution of
Lorentz factors within the wind has a large variance and provided the minimum
Lorentz factor is higher than 10^(2.5)L_(52)^(2/9), where L=10^(52)L_(52)erg/s
is the wind luminosity. For a high, >10 %, efficiency wind, spectral energy
breaks in the 0.1 to 1 MeV range are obtained for sources with dynamical time
R/c < 1 ms, suggesting a possible explanation for the observed clustering of
spectral break energies in this range. The lower limit to wind Lorenz factor
and the upper limit, around (R/10^7 cm)^(-5/6) MeV to observed break energies
are set by Thomson optical depth due to electron positron pairs produced by
synchrotron photons. Natural consequences of the model are absence of bursts
with peak emission energy significantly exceeding 1 MeV, and existence of low
luminosity bursts with low, 1 keV to 10 keV, break energies.Comment: 10 pages, 5 ps-figures. Expanded discussion of magnetic field and
electron energy fraction. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa
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Annihilation Decays of Bound States at the LHC
At the Large Hadron Collider, heavy particles may be produced in pairs close to their kinematic threshold. If these particles have strong enough attractive interactions they may form bound states. Consequently, the bound states may decay through annihilation back into the standard model. Such annihilation decays have the potential to provide much information about the bound particles, such as their mass, spin, or charges, in a manner completely complementary to standard single particle cascade decays. Many of the signatures, such as dijet resonances, will be challenging to find, but may be extremely helpful in unraveling the nature of the new physics. In the standard model, the only novel annihilation decays would be for toponium; these will be hard to see because of the relatively large width of the top quark itself. In models with supersymmetry, marginally visible annihilation decays may occur for example, from bound states of gluinos to dijets or tops. If new particles are bound through forces stronger than QCD, annihilation decays may even be the discovery mode for new physics. This paper presents various theoretical results about bound states and then addresses the practical question of whether any of their annihilation decays can be seen at the LHC.Physic
The szegö function on a non-rectifiable arc
Let γ be a simple Jordan arc in the complex plane. The Szegö function, by definition, is a holomorphic in C\γ function with a prescribed product of its boundary values on γ. The problem of finding the Segö function in the case of piecewise smooth γ was solved earlier. In this paper we study this problem for non-rectifiable arcs. The solution relies on properties of the Cauchy transform of certain distributions with the support on γ. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2012
Tectonics and volcanisms of Mars
Televised images of Mars transmitted from interplanetary stations are used to develop a theory of the structure and development of the planet. Crater chronology, the structure of planetary bodies in the Earth group, and a comparison of the Earth planetary bodies are among the factors included
New metric characteristics of nonrectifiable curves and their applications
© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.We introduce new metric characteristics for nonrectifiable curves. They admit applications to the theory of boundary value problems for analytic functions. Using these characteristics, we in particular obtain some sharper conditions than those available for the solvability of the jump problem and the Riemann problem in domains with nonrectifiable boundaries
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