76 research outputs found
Relevance feedback strategies for recall-oriented neural information retrieval
In a number of information retrieval applications (e.g., patent search,
literature review, due diligence, etc.), preventing false negatives is more
important than preventing false positives. However, approaches designed to
reduce review effort (like "technology assisted review") can create false
negatives, since they are often based on active learning systems that exclude
documents automatically based on user feedback. Therefore, this research
proposes a more recall-oriented approach to reducing review effort. More
specifically, through iteratively re-ranking the relevance rankings based on
user feedback, which is also referred to as relevance feedback. In our proposed
method, the relevance rankings are produced by a BERT-based dense-vector search
and the relevance feedback is based on cumulatively summing the queried and
selected embeddings. Our results show that this method can reduce review effort
between 17.85% and 59.04%, compared to a baseline approach (of no feedback),
given a fixed recall targe
Contributions from coherent and incoherent lattice excitations to ultrafast optical control of magnetic anisotropy of metallic films
Spin-lattice coupling is one of the most prominent interactions mediating response of spin ensemble to ultrafast optical excitation. Here we exploit optically generated coherent and incoherent phonons to drive coherent spin dynamics, i.e. precession, in thin films of magnetostrictive metal Galfenol. We demonstrate unambiguously that coherent phonons, also seen as dynamical strain generated due to picosecond lattice temperature raise, give raise to magnetic anisotropy changes of the optically excited magnetic film; and this contribution may be comparable to or even dominate over the contribution from the temperature increase itself, considered as incoherent phonons
Prevalence, characteristics and correlates of a positive-dementia screen in patients on antiretroviral therapy in Bamenda, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
BackgroundIn this study we assess the prevalence, characteristics as well as socio-demographic and clinical correlates of a positive screen for HIV-associated dementia in a group of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bamenda, Cameroon.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on 400 patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital AIDS-treatment Centre. Patients were assessed for neurocognitive function using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) to assess finger-tapping (FT), alternating hand sequence (AHS) and a 4-word recall (4WR), each scored on a maximum of four.ResultsA total of 297 (74%) participants were females. The total IHDS score ranged from 6–12 with a mean of 9.02 and 85% of subjects screened positive for dementia (≤10 on IHDS). Participants performed worst in the AHS assessment with a mean of 2.25 (IQR: 2–3). In multivariable analyses, screening positive for dementia was significantly associated with having primary education or less (aOR: 8.33, 95%CI: 3.85, 16.67), and having HIV symptoms (aOR: 12.16, 95%CI: 3.08, 48.05).ConclusionsA very high proportion of patients on ART screened positive for dementia using the IHDS. This could potentially be an indication of a high prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in this population and or a poor performance of the IHDS in patients on ART. Future studies will need to assess the validity of the IHDS in this population of patients on ART and also evaluate long term outcomes in patients with positive dementia screens
Validity of an interviewer-administered patient health questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon
In high-income countries, depression is prevalent in HIV patients and is associated with lower medication adherence and clinical outcomes. Emerging evidence from low-income countries supports similar relationships. Yet little research has validated rapid depression screening tools integrated into routine HIV clinical care
Feasibility, Safety, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of Measurement-Based Care Depression Treatment for HIV Patients in Bamenda, Cameroon
Depression affects 18-30% of HIV-infected patients in Africa and is associated with greater stigma, lower antiretroviral adherence, and faster disease progression. However, the region's health system capacity to effectively identify and treat depression is limited. Task-shifting models may help address this large mental health treatment gap
Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: Ultracold Quantum Gases, Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas, and Holographic Duality
Strongly correlated quantum fluids are phases of matter that are
intrinsically quantum mechanical, and that do not have a simple description in
terms of weakly interacting quasi-particles. Two systems that have recently
attracted a great deal of interest are the quark-gluon plasma, a plasma of
strongly interacting quarks and gluons produced in relativistic heavy ion
collisions, and ultracold atomic Fermi gases, very dilute clouds of atomic
gases confined in optical or magnetic traps. These systems differ by more than
20 orders of magnitude in temperature, but they were shown to exhibit very
similar hydrodynamic flow. In particular, both fluids exhibit a robustly low
shear viscosity to entropy density ratio which is characteristic of quantum
fluids described by holographic duality, a mapping from strongly correlated
quantum field theories to weakly curved higher dimensional classical gravity.
This review explores the connection between these fields, and it also serves as
an introduction to the Focus Issue of New Journal of Physics on Strongly
Correlated Quantum Fluids: from Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas. The
presentation is made accessible to the general physics reader and includes
discussions of the latest research developments in all three areas.Comment: 138 pages, 25 figures, review associated with New Journal of Physics
special issue "Focus on Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: from Ultracold
Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas"
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/focus/Focus%20on%20Strongly%20Correlated%20Quantum%20Fluids%20-%20from%20Ultracold%20Quantum%20Gases%20to%20QCD%20Plasmas
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