Historical aspects of radar atmospheric dynamics

A review of the history of radar techniques which have been applied to atmospheric observation is given. The author starts with ionosphere observation with the ionosonde, symbolizing as it does the earliest history of radar observation, and proceeds to later developments in radar observation such as the use of partial reflection, meteor, and incoherent scatter radars. Mesosphere stratosphere troposphere (MST) radars are discussed in terms of lower atmosphere observation

Meteor observation by the Kyoto meteor radar

The Kyoto Meteor Radar is a monostatic coherent pulsed Doppler radar operating on the frequency of 31.57 MH. The system is computer controlled and uses radio interferometry for echo height determination. The antenna, an improvement, can be directed either to the north or the east. The system has been continuously collecting data on winds at meteor heights by radar observation. The meteor echo rate was also measured, the echo rate distribution with height and the daily variation in height integrated echo rate are discussed. Investigations of atmospheric tides are being pursued by cooperative observations. A novel approach to the study of gravity waves was attempted using the meteor radar which is able to detect the horizontal propagation of the waves by observing the changing phase through the region illuminated by the radar

Mechanism for Codeposition of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Copper from Acid Copper Sulfate Bath

The mechanism involved in the codeposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with copper from an acid copper sulfate bath was investigated. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were employed and dispersed using polyacrylic acid. To determine the influence of the fibrous shape of the MWCNTs, codeposition was also carried out using copper and granular carbon black (CB). The effect of the polyacrylic acid on the dispersibility of MWCNTs and CB in the plating baths and the electrodeposition behavior of copper was investigated. In addition, the relationship between the initial MWCNT or CB concentration in the plating bath and that in the composite films was evaluated and the results are discussed based on the two-step adsorption model of Guglielmi. It was found that although for low MWCNT concentrations in the plating bath, this model could adequately explain the codeposition behavior, at higher concentrations, the MWCNT content in the deposit was larger than expected. It is suggested that the increased MWCNT content is related to the fibrous shape of the MWCNTs.ArticleJOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. 160(9):D380-D385 (2013)journal articl

Effects of laser wavelength and density scalelength on absorption of ultrashort intense lasers on solid-density targets

Hot electron temperatures and electron energy spectra in the course of interaction between intense laser pulse and overdense plasmas are reexamined from a viewpoint of the difference in laser wavelength. The hot electron temperature measured by a particle-in-cell simulation is scaled by $I$ rather than $I \lambda^2$ at the interaction with overdense plasmas with fixed ions, where $I$ and $\lambda$ are the laser intensity and wavelength, respectively.Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France

Report on the biology of Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti and the development of its fishery in California

Hagfish, often referred to as "slime eels", are familiar to most fishermen as pests that frequently devour fish caught by trap, hook, and gillnet. In the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea), however, hagfish are sought after as valuable fish not only for their edible flesh, but also for their skin, which is processed into leather used to make expensive purses, shoes, and other articles. In fact, because of a shortage of hagfish in the waters near the ROK, the leather industry there has started to import hagfish, first from Japan in the mid 1980's, then from the United States starting in 1988. This report describes the nascent fishery for Eptatretus stouti (Pacific hagfish) in California, and includes aspects of its life history. The hagfish industry in the ROK is also briefly described