Front matter including foreword and table of contents to Trends in American publishing; papers presented at an institute conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, November 5-8, 1967

published or submitted for publicatio

The New Technology and Competencies for "The Most Typical of the Activities of Libraries": Technical Services

At a library conference in 1940, William M. Randall called technical services the "most typical of the activities of libraries" "they are..." he said, "the things which librarians do that no one else does the secrets of the craft." 1 In those intervening forty-three years much has been written and uttered in defense and derision of these "secrets of the craft." These most typical of library activities have changed the name Randall used, technical processes, to technical services. They have moved from being sneeringly derided as "backroom," "basement" or other dreary location activities to being enthusiastically hailed today as "where the action is." They are, fortunately, no longer the "secrets" that they were in Randall's day. They have been moved into, moved around within and even moved out of the organizational charts. Regardless of all these attitudes and activities, the functions of acquiring, organizing and preserving library materials persist and the competencies necessary to carry out these three functions will be the focus of this paper. In the paper, reference will frequently be made to the "technical services librarian" meaning any librarian who works in that aspect of librarianship. The emphasis is on no particular type of library. The term library will be used as meaning also information center.published or submitted for publicatio

Influence of antigen processing in the shaping of an autoimmune T cell repertoire

My work sought to unravel the process by which targets (usually peptides) are generated or destroyed from intact antigen using a well characterised antigen that is attacked in an autoimmune kidney disease as a model. In doing this I hoped to account for how this process may lead to the survival of self-reactive T cells into the peripheral T cell repertoire as a possible mechanism of tolerance breakdown and the development of autoimmune disease.In the following sections I will introduce the basic concept of tolerance and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to the breakdown of tolerance and development of autoimmunity. Key to my work is the understanding of how antigen is processed and recognised by T cells. This will be covered in detail before considering how alterations in the processing pathway may lead to deviations in the immune response to self. The second section of this chapter will deal with the model of autoimmune kidney disease used for my research, Goodpasture's disease. I hope to highlight its strengths as a model of autoimmunity and cover in some detail what is already known about the immunopathogenesis of the disease including previous research within our own group. I will conclude with how this work lead on to my own research, detailing the aims of the study including an outline of the research approach used

CODAR\u27s Surface Flow at the Mouth of the Chesapeake Bay: Relation to Bay\u27s and Atlantic\u27s Forcing

Surface currents in the lower Chesapeake Bay (CB) observed with land-based high-frequency radar antennas, or Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR), produce hourly 2D maps of current velocities used for search and rescue, pollution tracking, and fishing operations. This study analyzes the correlations between a 9-year record of surface currents measured by CODAR to coastal sea level, local wind forcing, river discharge into CB, and water transport through the Florida Straits, representing the Gulf Stream’s control on sea level along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. The goal of this study is to find ways to use CODAR data to detect and monitor long-term sea level changes in CB, which may aide numerical modeling of the lower Bay for long-term forecasting and trend analysis. Linear regression, spectral and wavelet analyses, and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) are applied to the datasets. Linear regression and spectral analysis show high frequencies of CODAR surface currents driven primarily by winds and link to variations in water levels, while low frequencies explained by river discharge and Gulf Stream. Both spectral and wavelet capture the annual cycle, wavelet suggesting anti-correlation between CODAR outflow and water level at this period. Because these methods only capture signals up to about two years, EMD, which separates lower frequency oscillating modes, is also used. EMD trendlines are qualitatively consistent with known dynamics or may be part of larger decadal oscillations longer than this 9-year dataset. Spectral and EMD agree at high frequencies, but also suggests river and Gulf Stream flow may be linked with CODAR currents on longer time scales. EMD achieves realistic long-term trends and correlations for CODAR, but a longer time series is necessary to produce significant results that could use this data to truly monitor long-term sea level changes for the CB in this manner. The study demonstrated the complex nature and interconnections between the different factors and different time scales affecting the currents at the mouth of the CB. This analysis may be the first of its kind in the attempt at combining all these different observations in a single study

Dual language bilingual education program implementation : teacher language ideologies and local language policy

textIn this dissertation, I investigated the top-down implementation process of a dual language bilingual education (DLBE) program in over 60 schools in a large urban school district in Texas to identify language ideologies and issues of language policy and policy implementation according to local participating educators. Drawing on a language policy framework and research in linguistic anthropology to define language ideologies, I employed a multi-method approach (survey (n=323 educators), interview (n=20 DLBE teachers) and observation (n=3 DLBE teachers)) to measure and better understand language ideology and its significance for local language policy. Analysis revealed ideological tension and multiplicity, within and across educators, within single statements and overtime. For example, during interviews most teachers expressed additive views towards bilingualism, but subtractive views towards non-standard variations of each language. Similarly, several teachers articulated additive ideologies towards bilingualism while articulating the relative greater importance of English language acquisition. These ideological tensions operated in distinct ways at the classroom level. One teacher strictly followed the DLBE policy in her classroom to support bilingual/biliteracy development, but she also discouraged certain students and families from participating in the program because of their non-standard language practices. This dissertation complicates traditional understandings of the role of language ideologies within language policy implementation. Much research in our field discusses bilingual programs and program implementation in dichotomous terms (i.e. subtractive/additive). In contrast, I demonstrate how the multiplicity and complexity of language ideologies must be considered when trying to discuss the ideological struggle involved in implementing pluralist bilingual programs within an English dominant society. I present four potential models to conceptualize and analyze ideological tension as well as a discussion on the relationship between language ideologies and local language policy. Implications for teacher education, DLBE policy and future research are considered.Curriculum and Instructio

The Remediation of Students in Counseling Graduate Programs: Behavioral Indicators, Terminology, and Interventions

This study explored the concept of student remediation in counseling graduate programs by examining the behavioral indicators associated with student remediation, the terminology used to discuss student remediation, and remedial interventions and their effectiveness. Members of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) were electronically surveyed using a researcher-designed instrument, the Counseling Graduate Student Remediation Questionnaire. A total of 607 individuals participated in the study for a response rate of 28.8%. The results of this study indicated that the overall five behavioral indicators considered by participants as needing remediation were the following: receptivity to feedback; basic counseling skills; boundaries with clients, supervisors, and/or colleagues; openness to self-examination; and advanced counseling skills. Five factors were identified within the behavioral indicators based on which can be remediated: Factor I, Personal Competencies; Factor II, Professionalism; Factor III, Personal Challenges; Factor IV, Honesty; and Factor V, Clinical Competencies. Significant group differences were found between counselor educators\u27 and doctoral students\u27 perceptions of what needs remediation with counseling graduate students, as well as what can be remediated with students. Significant group differences also were present between administrative faculty and non-administrative faculty on perceptions of what needs remediation with students. The overall three most preferred terms by participants used to discuss students in remediation included: challenging, problems with professional competence, and problematic. For remedial interventions, participants perceived that increased supervision was often effective as an intervention and that referring or recommending to personal counseling was occasionally effective. The results of this study seemed indicative of a broadening perspective regarding the topic of remediation, with perceptions shifting toward a positive framework rather than the more pejorative historical approaches. Overall, the conclusion from this study was that student remediation is currently developing within the field as a distinct concept with many specific associated behavioral indicators, terminology, and interventions

INVESTIGATING THE LINK BETWEEN O-GLCNACYLATION AND PARKIN IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease (ND) that is believed to impact around 1 million Americans, from both reported and nonreported cases. It is characterized by impaired motor and cognitive functioning resulting from a host of proposed causes, including the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the more debated aggregation of proteins. The role of proteins in PD is the focus of the following proposed research, which aims to evaluate the link between O-GlcNAcylation and the phosphorylation states of protein in NDs. This link has been investigated in other NDs such as Alzheimer’s as well as in PD with the protein alpha-synuclein. The relationship observed a possible protective effect of O-GlcNAcylation, which will be evaluated in this research with PD and the protein parkin. By increasing global levels of O-GlcNAcylation, the phosphorylation state and activity of parkin will be evaluated in order to understand the effect of O-GlcNAc on this protein and shed light on possible therapeutic treatments for PD

Using Typologies to Frame Poverty and Service Delivery in Suburban America

Poverty in the suburbs is growing, but there is great diversity in the rates of growth of poverty as well as causes and consequences of the growth across different kinds of suburbs. Suburban typologies, systems to group different types of suburbs, are a useful tool for understanding the variation among suburbs and highlighting potential strategies for addressing poverty. This paper discusses why typologies of suburban communities are important, what factors have been considered in the development and use of typologies, what typologies have been developed to date, and lastly, how typologies can be used to inform strategies for addressing suburban poverty. Suburban typologies can assist in understanding the variation between suburbs in the overall level, duration, and causes of poverty as well as variation in resources, services, and opportunities available for addressing it (Allard & Roth, 2010; Kneebone & Berube, 2013). For example, suburbs experiencing a sharp increase in poverty coupled with large increases in population may have different social service needs than suburbs with sharp poverty increases and little or no growth in population. The typology research sheds light on those suburbs that are experiencing the most significant impacts from increases in poverty and can identify appropriate policy tools and strategies to help communities cope with poverty. Yet, typologies vary with respect to how suburbs are defined, which suburbs are included, and what factors are considered in their development. Not one consistent definition of suburb is used across the typologies that have been developed. Instead, different researchers classify different geographic areas as suburbs, in part, based on the availability of data. Typologies also differ in the sample of suburbs that are being classified. Some researchers focus on all suburban areas, whereas others focus more narrowly on subsets of suburbs, such as inner-ring suburbs or economically distressed suburbs. Finally, researchers use a range of factors and methodologies to develop these typologies including a number of different economic, demographic, and historical factors (Hanlon, 2010; Hanlon, Vicino, & Short, 2006; Mikelbank, 2004; Orfield & Luce, 2012). Their differences not withstanding, taken together, the suburban typologies that have been developed reveal a number of common findings related to the economic vitality and vulnerability of suburbs. Increasingly larger populations of suburban residents live in communities that do not resemble traditional perceptions of prosperous suburbs. Instead, they live in a diverse set of communities including those characterized by poor economic health with low average income and home values, less housing stability, large populations, diverse family structures and racial composition, and varying levels and composition of employment). Although poverty is increasing in suburbs throughout the country, it is growing fastest in distressed suburbs, which tend to be highly racially segregated and fiscally constrained. Moreover, suburbs closest to central cities are increasingly poor and increasingly non-white. The combination of population growth and economic decline in these communities serve as barriers for addressing the increase in poverty

Organizing for thoughtful food: A meshwork approach

© 2020 Springer-Verlag. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10139-0This paper provides an alternative narrative for organizing food systems. It introduces meshwork as a novel theoretical lens to examine the ontological assumptions underlying the shadow and informal dynamics of organizing food. Through a longitudinal qualitative case study, we place relationality and becoming at the centre of organizing food and food systems, demonstrating how entangled relationships can create a complex ontology through the meshwork knots, threads and weave. We show how issues of collective concern come together to form dynamic knots of interactions, how the threads within the meshwork indicate processes of movement, and how the weave suggests degrees of food system resilience - but always in flow. This theoretical approach thus provides a platform for addressing thoughtful concerns about “food matters” including the integrity of our global food system, the negative health and environmental impacts of industrialized food production, and food safety issues.Peer reviewe

Remedial Interventions Used with Students Enrolled in Counseling Graduate Programs

An exploratory qualitative content analysis was completed on documentation submitted from 12 CACREP counseling programs regarding student remediation. The analysis focused on remedial interventions used with students that resulted in four main themes and eight subthemes: (a) personal counseling; (b) courses (subthemes: clinical courses, related to clinical courses, and didactic courses); (c) assignments (subthemes: workshops, readings, and written assignments); and (d) remediation procedures (subthemes: meetings with faculty, and status in program)