Gyre-scale Circulation and Coupling in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans

I proposed to examine the annual cycle of intensity, latitudinal position and amount of meandering in the Gulf Stream, and compare the altimetric cycle with seasonal transport estimates from hydrographic data. We also proposed to examine large-scale fluctuations which alter the strength and location of the currents at gyre boundaries in the North Pacific

Monthly maps of sea surface height in the North Atlantic and zonal indices for the Gulf Stream using TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data

Monthly Maps of sea surface height are constructed for the North Atlantic Ocean using TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data, Mean sea surface height is reconstructed using a weighted combination of historical, hydrographic data and a synthetic mean obtained by fitting a Gaussian model of the Gulf Stream jet to altimeter data. The resultant mean shows increased resolution over the hydrographic mean, and incorporates recirculation information that is absent in the synthetic mean. Monthly maps, obtained by adding the mean field to altimeter sea surface height residuals, are used to derive a set of zonal indices that describe the annual cycle of meandering as well as position and strength of the Gulf Stream.Funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Contract Nos. NAGW-1666 and NAGW-4806

Biweekly maps of wind stress for the North Pacific from the ERS-1 scatterometer, 1992-1995

The ERS-1 scatterometer is the first operational satellite scatterometer in more than a decade. This report describes a technique developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to process and analyze the data. Four years of data (January 1992-December 1995) was analyzed in the North Pacific ocean. Gridded 0.5° x 0.5° wind, wind stress and wind stress curl fields were generated for the North Pacific Ocean on times scale of one week to one month. This data set was compared with in-situ measurements from buoys and coastal weather stations and numerical models. The results show good agreement with models and in-situ measurements. Biweekly maps were chosen after examining error/temporal resolution tradeoff curve.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contracts No. N00014-92-J-1486 and N00014-92-J-1656 and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. 957652

Preface

Sixteen months ago in a comment during office hours, we raised the idea for a journal at Columbia Law School dedicated to tax law and policy. Within a few weeks, student interest grew in support of the idea and sparked active discussion. Over the course of last year, the proposal that developed brought together the perspectives of the faculty, administration, library, alumni and colleagues outside of academia, and students pursuing tax as their field of focus. It is our pleasure to introduce the Inaugural Issue of the Columbia Journal of Tax Law, the culmination of over a year and a half’s preparation. The field of tax has the attribute of attracting a diverse collection of backgrounds and perspective among the individuals who participate in its lively debates. It is a great asset of this field, and one of our principal sources of inspiration as we crafted the vision for this Journal. The readers and authors of the scholarship in our pages draw from at least three distinct groups within the field of tax. They include the policymakers in federal, state, and foreign governments, practitioners in the private sector, and professors in academia

Gender, spirituality, and community engagement: complexities for students at Catholic women’s colleges

In this research, we explored the ways that junior and senior students at two Catholic women’s colleges in the Midwestern United States understand community engagement, and we examined how they came to know and understand their gender and spiritual identities in relation to their engagement activities. Participants seemed to draw on both an ethic of care and an ethic of justice (Gilligan, 1982) when framing their motivations for doing community engagement work. The findings enhance what is known about how students experience and make meaning from structured programs that encourage community engagement

Altimeter analysis of ocean currents

Altimeter data from satellites are being used in an ongoing effort to obtain data sets with temporal as well as global coverage. This report describes the algorithms formulated and the programs written for the use of altimeter data from the European Space Agency (ESA) European Remote Sensing Satellite, ERS-1, for a repeat track analysis of ocean currents. It also presents some results from the California Current region.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract number N00014-92-J-1486