On the Vienna Corso: Changing street use and street design around the Vienna State Opera House 1860-1949

Technological changes have opened up new opportunities for historical research, which call for new methodologies to fully realise these opportunities. This paper presents the four-step interactive photo timeline analysis we developed to analyse large volumes of historical photographs from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. We present the results of a case study (regarding both street design and street use in Vienna from 1860 to 1949) in which we utilised interactive photo timeline analysis. The geographical research scope was limited to the streets around the Vienna Opera: street use and street design were analysed from the perspective of the street as transportation space and as urban living space. The development of the interactive photo timeline analysis methodology and the case study analysis benefited greatly from the interdisciplinary nature of the research team

Induced Gamma-band Activity Elicited by Visual Representation of Unattended Objects

Peer reviewedPostprin

Sex-specific-differences in cardiovascular risk in type-1-diabetes : a cross sectional study

Background: Little is known about the impact of sex-specific differences in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Thus, we evaluated the influence of gender on risk factors, complications, clinical care and adherence in patients with T1DM. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, sex-specific disparities in glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, diabetic complications, concomitant medication use and adherence to treatment recommendations were evaluated in 225 consecutive patients (45.3% women) who were comparable with respect to age, diabetes duration, and body mass index. Results: Although women with T1DM had a higher total cholesterol than men, triglycerides were higher in obese men and males with HbA1c>7% than in their female counterparts. No sex differences were observed in glycaemic control and in micro- or macrovascular complications. However, the subgroup analysis showed that nephropathy was more common in obese men, hyperlipidaemic women and all hypertensive patients, whereas peripheral neuropathy was more common in hyperlipidaemic women. Retinopathy was found more frequently in women with HbA1c>7%, obese men and in both sexes with a long duration of diabetes. The multivariate analysis revealed that microvascular complications were associated with the duration of disease and BMI in both sexes and with hyperlipidaemia in males. The overall adherence to interventions according to the guidelines was higher in men than in women. This adherence was concerned particularly with co-medication in patients diagnosed with hypertension, aspirin prescription in elderly patients and the achievement of target lipid levels following the prescription of statins. Conclusions: Our data showed sex differences in lipids and overweight in patients with T1DM. Although glycaemic control and the frequency of diabetic complications were comparable between the sexes, the overall adherence to guidelines, particularly with respect to the prescription of statins and aspirin, was lower in women than in men

Predicting the influence of a p2-symmetric substrate on molecular self-organization with an interaction-site model

An interaction-site model can a priori predict molecular selforganisation on a new substrate in Monte Carlo simulations. This is experimentally confirmed with scanning tunnelling microscopy on Fre´chet dendrons of a pentacontane template. Local and global ordering motifs, inclusion molecules and a rotated unit cell are correctly predicted

Cellular reactions to long-term volatile organic compound (VOC) exposures

Investigations of cellular processes initiated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are limited when modelling realistic long-term exposure scenarios at low concentrations. Exposure to indoor VOCs is associated with a range of adverse effects, but data on molecular changes at regulatory threshold limits are lacking. Activity analysis of VOC in vitro can be a valuable complement to inhalation toxicological evaluations. We developed an exposure platform that generates a stable VOC atmosphere and allows the exposure of cells for longer periods. Using formaldehyde as a model analyte, air-liquid interface cultured A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to critical concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm for 3 days. Owing to the lack of known exposure biomarkers, we applied a genome-wide transcriptional analysis to investigate cellular responses at these sublethal concentrations. We demonstrate a minor overlap of differentially expressed transcripts for both treatment concentrations, which can be further analyzed for their use as exposure biomarkers. Moreover, distinct expression patterns emerge for 0.1 and 0.5 ppm formaldehyde exposure, which is reflected in significant enrichment of distinct biological processes. More specifically, metabolism of specific compound classes, lipid biosynthesis and lung-associated functions are affected by lower exposure levels and processes affecting proliferation and apoptosis dominate the higher exposure levels

Aktives Altern in der Region Schneebergland: gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels in ländlichen Regionen

Der Anteil der älteren Bevölkerung in Österreich wächst. Vor allem in ländlichen Regionen, die von Abwanderung betroffen sind, steigt der Prozentsatz von Personen im Alter über 65 Jahren an. Herausforderungen wie gesundheitliche Einschränkungen und erschwerte individuelle Mobilität, die das Alter mit sich bringen, lassen sich dabei vor allem in Orten mit ausgedünnter Infrastruktur und Versorgungseinrichtungen nur schwer überwinden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einerseits Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels mit dem Fokus auf ländliche Regionen präsentiert, andererseits wird dargestellt, welche Rolle Gebietskörperschaften spielen können, um diese zu meistern. Am Beispiel der Kleinregion Schneebergland werden Ergebnisse aus dem EU-geförderten Projekt »Active Ageing«, in welchem die Herausforderungen des Älter-Werdens intensiv behandelt wurden, präsentiert.The proportion of the elderly population is growing in Austria. Especially in rural areas, which are affected by outmigration, the share of people, aged over 65 years, is steadily increasing. Challenges, for example poor health and restricted individual mobility, which arise and correlate with progressing age, are bidding defiance to local communities, particularly in areas with deficient infrastructure and supplies. In this article, challenges of demographic change in rural areas are being presented, as well as the role that municipalities can play in mitigating these. By using the example of the region of »Schneebergland«, results from the EU-funded project »Active Ageing«, which emphasized clearly the needs for action addressing the ageing, will be discussed further

On superlevel sets of conditional densities and multivariate quantile regression

Some common proposals of multivariate quantiles do not sufficiently control the probability content, while others do not always accurately reflect the concentration of probability mass. We suggest superlevel sets of conditional multivariate densities as an alternative to current multivariate quantile definitions. Hence, the superlevel set is a function of conditioning variables much like in quantile regression. We show that conditional superlevel sets have favorable mathematical and intuitive features, and support a clear probabilistic interpretation. We derive the superlevel sets for a conditional or marginal density of interest from an (overfitted) multivariate Gaussian mixture model. This approach guarantees logically consistent (i.e., non-crossing) conditional superlevel sets and also allows us to obtain more traditional univariate quantiles. We demonstrate recovery of the true conditional univariate quantiles for distributions with correlation, heteroskedasticity, or asymmetry and apply our method in univariate and multivariate settings to a study on household expenditures

Bioimpedance cardiography in pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study on hemodynamic pattern and outcome

Background: Pregnancy associated cardiovascular pathologies have a significant impact on outcome for mother and child. Bioimpedance cardiography may provide additional outcome-relevant information early in pregnancy and may also be used as a predictive instrument for pregnancy-associated diseases. Methods: We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort trial in an outpatient setting and included 242 pregnant women. Cardiac output and concomitant hemodynamic data were recorded from 11th-13th week of gestation every 5th week as well as at two occasions post partum employing bioimpedance cardiography. Results: Cardiac output increased during pregnancy and peaked early in the third trimester. A higher heart rate and a decreased systemic vascular resistance were accountable for the observed changes. Women who had a pregnancy-associated disease during a previous pregnancy or developed hypertension or preeclampsia had a significantly increased cardiac output early in pregnancy. Furthermore, an effect of cardiac output on birthweight was found in healthy pregnancies and could be confirmed with multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: Cardiovascular adaptation during pregnancy is characterized by distinct pattern described herein. These may be altered in women at risk for preeclampsia or reduced birthweigth. The assessment of cardiac parameters by bioimpedance cardiography could be performed at low costs without additional risks

Das Schöffenamt - ehrenamtliche Richter*innen beim Strafgericht

Unsere Redakteurinnen Lena Bitz und Kathrin Gruber haben einen Beitrag zum Thema Schöffenamt verfasst und hierfür ein Interview mit der Bayreuther Schöffin Michaela Franke geführt.&nbsp