Chemical constituents of Anacolosa frutescens

Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Anacolosa frutescens afforded 3-acetylaleuritolic acid (1), β-amyrin (2) and a mixture of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The structures of 1 and 2 were identified by comparison of their !3C NMR data with those reported in the literature

Chemical constituents of the stems of Ficus triangularis

Chemical investigation of the stems of Ficus triangularis afforded 3,5,4\u27-trihydroxy-6 ,6 - dimethylpyrano[2 ,3 :7,6]flavanone (1), a mixture of α-amyrin fatty acid ester (2a), β-amyrin fatty acid ester (2b) and lupeol fatty acid ester (2c) in a 2:1:1 ratio, stigmast-4-en-3-one (3), and a mixture of β-sitosterol (4a) and stigmasterol (4b) in a 1:2 ratio. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, while those of 2a-4 were identified by comparison of their 1H and/or 13C NMR data with those reported in the literature

Chemical constituents of Broussonetia luzonicus

The leaves of Broussonetia luzonicus afforded epitaraxerol (1), lupenone (2), squalene (3), β-carotene (4), vitamin K (5) and β-sitosterol (6), while the flowers yielded 2, 6, lupeol (7), betulin aldehyde fatty acid ester (8) and lupeol fatty acid ester (9). The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography and identified by NMR spectroscopy. Triterpenes 1, 2 and 8 were tested for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay. They did not exhibit cytotoxic effect against a human cancer cell line colon carcinoma (HCT 116). Results of the antimicrobial tests on 1, 2 and 8 indicated moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans and low antimicrobial activity against T. mentagrophytes, A. niger, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis. © 2012 Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide [Phcog.Net]

Triterpenes from Pittosporum resiniferum hemsl

Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Pittosporu resiniferum Hemsl. yielded a mixture of uvaol (1) and erythrodiol (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data. © 2016, International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research. All rights reserved

Chemical constituents of the bark of aleurites moluccana L. Willd

© 2014, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. All rights reserved. The dichloromethane extract of the bark of Aleurites moluccana L. Willd. afforded 12-hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13- podocarpatrien-3-one (1), spruceanol (2), 3-acetylaleuritolic acid (3), polyprenols, triglycerides and a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in a 4:1 ratio. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Chemical constituents of Artocarpus camansi

The dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Artocarpus camansi afforded friedelinol (1), squalene (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and phytol (5), while the stems yielded polyprenol (6), cycloartenol (7) and cycloartenol acetate (8). The structures of 1, 7 and 8 were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of these triterpenes were tested using the sulforhodamine B assay against the human cancer cell lines: lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, stomach adenocarcinoma AGS cells, colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells and prostate cancer PC3 cells. Results of the study indicated that 1, 7 and 8 are non-cytotoxic against these cell lines. Copyright © 2013, Phcog.Net, Published by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved

In Silico Neuroprotective Effects of Specific <i>Rheum palmatum</i> Metabolites on Parkinson’s Disease Targets

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the large-scale health issues detrimental to human quality of life, and current treatments are only focused on neuroprotection and easing symptoms. This study evaluated in silico binding activity and estimated the stability of major metabolites in the roots of R. palmatum (RP) with main protein targets in Parkinson’s disease and their ADMET properties. The major metabolites of RP were subjected to molecular docking and QSAR with α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase isoform B, catechol o-methyltransferase, and A2A adenosine receptor. From this, emodin had the greatest binding activity with Parkinson’s disease targets. The chemical stability of the selected compounds was estimated using density functional theory analyses. The docked compounds showed good stability for inhibitory action compared to dopamine and levodopa. According to their structure–activity relationship, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein exhibited good inhibitory activity to specific targets. Finally, mediocre pharmacokinetic properties were observed due to unexceptional blood–brain barrier penetration and safety profile. It was revealed that the major metabolites of RP may have good neuroprotective activity as an additional hit for PD drug development. Also, an association between redox-mediating and activities with PD-relevant protein targets was observed, potentially opening discussion on electrochemical mechanisms with biological functions

An In Vitro Evaluation and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Prospective Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity from <i>Perilla frutescens</i>

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is extensively cultivated in East Asia as a dietary vegetable, and nutraceuticals are reportedly rich in bioactive compounds, especially with anticancer activities. This study explored the in vitro cytotoxic effects of P. frutescens parts’ (stems, leaves, and seeds) extracts on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and possible interactions of putative metabolites to related prostate cancer targets in silico. The ethanol extract of P. frutescens leaves was the most cytotoxic for the prostate cancer cells. From high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, rosmarinic acid was identified as the major metabolite in the leaf extracts. Network analysis revealed interactions from multiple affected targets and pathways of the metabolites. From gene ontology enrichment analysis, P. frutescens leaf metabolites could significantly affect 14 molecular functions and 12 biological processes in five cellular components. Four (4) KEGG pathways, including for prostate cancer, and six (6) Reactome pathways were shown to be significantly affected. The molecular simulation confirmed the interactions of relevant protein targets with key metabolites, including rosmarinic acid. This study could potentially lead to further exploration of P. frutescens leaves or their metabolites for prostate cancer treatment and prevention