Impacts of Vacant Land Values Comparison of Metro Light Rail Station Areas in Phoenix, Arizona

The Metro light rail line opened in Phoenix, Arizona, in December 2008 as the nation\u27s largest modern high-capacity transit system starter line. Spanning 24 miles and 28 stations, Metro connected three cities with radically different land use policies. The response of the Phoenix land market to the 1997 announcement of the station locations was investigated as an interrupted time series case study. Studies evaluating public investments commonly use hedonic modeling to calculate one average attributable percentage increase for all properties affected by the investment. Conclusions were drawn about the relative development potential of each individual Phoenix transit station by comparing land sales prices per square foot before and after the light rail announcement. Data on the percentage increase in value were augmented with qualitative observations, and transit stations were compared with Phoenix\u27s most prominent, centrally located, mixed-use intersections not serviced by high-capacity transit to further evaluate the development potential for light rail. Across the three cities served by Metro, station area values increased the most in Tempe, Arizona; only the stations immediately adjacent to Tempe decreased in market value. Sales volume tripled in the 3 years immediately after the station location announcement. The effectiveness of public policy, and of the light rail investment itself, can be gauged by the market for vacant land before, during, and after construction of the light rail system. Additional investigation of these three distinct periods may help local governments plan more effective station areas and recapture land value increases to fund transit improvements

Value of Transit as Reflected in U.S. Single-Family Home Premiums: A Meta-Analysis

Although transit accessibility premiums have been rigorously studied at the local and regional levels for more than 40 years, drawing conclusions about premiums on a national scale requires a meta-analysis. Estimating effect size is a primary purpose of a meta-analysis. Effect size was calculated in 2007 by using pre-2003 studies but has not been studied since. This study sought to fill gaps in the literature by conducting a regression analysis and a thorough meta-analysis that reviewed 114 studies published from 1976 to 2014. Of 114 U.S. and Canadian single-family studies, a sample of 45 single-family studies was selected for further analysis. Compared with the previous meta-analysis, the current analysis found that, overall, U.S. and Canadian studies reported lower premiums on average for single-family houses. The average single-family home premium of 2.3% was significantly lower than the 4.2% premium calculated by the previous meta-analysis. It was found that reported transit premiums were decreasing over time as more variables, such as walkability of station areas, were statistically controlled. It was also found that compact regions with greater accessibility via transit produced higher transit premiums and transit premiums were neutral with respect to technology (light versus heavy rail) once regional compactness was controlled for. These findings suggest that to get the most out of transit investments, planners and public officials must make an effort to create compact regional development patterns and that single-family housing may not be the best use in areas close to transit

The Association Between Professional Performing Arts and Knowledge Class Growth: Implications for Metropolitan Economic Development

Economic development in the current century may favor those metropolitan areas that attract the “knowledge class.” This study provides a cross-sectional analysis associating the presence of one or more professional symphony, opera, or ballet/dance organizations with knowledge class growth. The authors find that the presence of one type of such organization is associated with a 1.1% change in knowledge class employment over the period from 2000 to 2010, two types are associated with a 1.5% change, and all three are associated with a 2.2% change. Between 2000 and 2010, the presence of at least one professional performing arts organization is associated with about 540,000 knowledge class jobs, generating about $60 billion in annual income among those 118 metropolitan areas with professional performing arts organizations. Metropolitan economic development implications are offered

The Association Between Professional Performing Arts and Knowledge Class Growth: Implications for Metropolitan Economic Development

Economic development in the current century may favor those metropolitan areas that attract the “knowledge class.” This study provides a cross-sectional analysis associating the presence of one or more professional symphony, opera, or ballet/dance organizations with knowledge class growth. The authors find that the presence of one type of such organization is associated with a 1.1% change in knowledge class employment over the period from 2000 to 2010, two types are associated with a 1.5% change, and all three are associated with a 2.2% change. Between 2000 and 2010, the presence of at least one professional performing arts organization is associated with about 540,000 knowledge class jobs, generating about $60 billion in annual income among those 118 metropolitan areas with professional performing arts organizations. Metropolitan economic development implications are offered

Image6_Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression.TIFF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20+ B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.</p

Image1_Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression.TIFF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20+ B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.</p

Image4_Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression.TIFF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20+ B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.</p

Image2_Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression.TIFF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20+ B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.</p

Table1_Utilizing multimodal mass spectrometry imaging for profiling immune cell composition and N-glycosylation across colorectal carcinoma disease progression.XLSX

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a leading cause of death worldwide, often arising from specific genetic mutations, progressing from pre-cancerous adenomas to adenocarcinomas. Early detection through regular screening can result in a 90% 5-year survival rate for patients. However, unfortunately, only a fraction of CRC cases are identified at pre-invasive stages, allowing progression to occur silently over 10–15 years. The intricate interplay between the immune system and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the progression of CRC. Immune cell clusters can either inhibit or facilitate tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. To gain a better understanding of this relationship, we conducted N-glycomic profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). We detected nearly 100 N-glycan species across all samples, revealing a shift in N-glycome profiles from normal to cancerous tissues, marked by a decrease in high mannose N-glycans. Further analysis of precancerous to invasive carcinomas showed an increase in pauci-mannose biantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans with disease progression. Moreover, a distinct stratification in the N-glycome profile was observed between non-mucinous and mucinous CRC tissues, driven by pauci-mannose, high mannose, and bisecting N-glycans. Notably, we identified immune clusters of CD20+ B cells and CD3/CD44+ T cells distinctive and predictive with signature profiles of bisecting and branched N-glycans. These spatial N-glycan profiles offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets throughout the progression of CRC.</p