ANALIZA STANJA NAPREZANJA OBLOGE OKNA NA KONTAKTNOJ ZONI ANHIDRITA I KAMENE SOLI

The main question of this paper is the stress-strain state prediction of the vertical shaft’s combined lining located at the interface of two layers of dolomite and salt. The study predicts geomechanical processes at the contact of the dolomite layer and the salt layer in the vicinity of the vertical shaft’s expanded section, taking into account the operating life of a vertical shaft is equal to 50 years. The results combined lining’s stress-strain state, represented as a four – layer medium, where the external layer is concrete, and the three inner layers are used to account for the heterogeneity of cast-iron tubing and are compared with the results received when taking into account the pipe structure. The solution of the problem was carried out in a three-dimensional statement. The calculation of the tubing lining, considering its actual geometry, will increase the accuracy of the forecast of the stress state of the lining, which in turn will favourably affect the justification of its parameters.Glavna problematika ovoga rada očituje se u predviđanju stanja naprezanja – deformacije kombinirane obloge vertikalnoga okna smještene na kontaktu dvaju slojeva dolomita i soli. Studija predviđa geomehaničke procese na kontaktu dolomitnoga sloja i sloja soli u blizini proširenoga presjeka vertikalnoga okna, uzimajući u obzir radni vijek okna od 50 godina. Rezultati stanja naprezanja – deformacija kombinirane četveroslojne obloge, gdje je vanjski sloj beton, a tri unutarnja sloja od lijevanoga željeza, uzimajući u obzir heterogenost, uspoređeni su s rezultatima dobivenim kada je u obzir uzeta isključivo struktura cijevi. Rješenje problema provedeno je u trodimenzionalnome sustavu. Proračun obloge cijevi, uzimajući u obzir stvarnu geometriju, povećat će točnost predviđanja stanja naprezanja obloge, što upućuje na važnost parametara obloge

Streptococcal cell surface proteins : structure and gene characterisation

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci, GAS) is a potent human pathogen known to express a number of cell surface associated virulence factors. It is an established fact that these different surface proteins play an important role during infection. Thus, M family proteins interact with host immune system components allowing streptococci to evade phagocytosis. Another important group of bacterial surface proteins, fibronectin-binding proteins, appear to mediate adherence and invasion of bacteria into host cells. The major part of the virulence regulon mga of GAS, M type 15, was sequenced and deduced proteins compared with known M family proteins. It was thereby revealed that M15 is an OF-positive serotype with low expression of the serum opacity factor (SOF); this was confirmed using a refined method for extraction of SOF from streptococcal cells. Recombinant Emm15 protein was characterized in binding tests with several host proteins and found uniquely to interact with the human subclasses IgG1 and 3. In the present investigation it was found that the fibronectin-binding protein F also specifically binds fibrinogen; the binding of fibronectin and fibrinogen was also shown to occur by different parts of the protein F molecule. Furthermore, the prtF genes of 12 GAS strains representing various serotypes were sequenced from the N-terminus and aligned revealing a more limited variability of protein F compared to streptococcal Emm protein; various recombination events following horizontal gene transfer, as well as point mutations were deduced. Another fibronectin binding protein, SOF of serotype M63, was also cloned. Its overall structure and gene sequence showed high agreement with a known SOF, from type M22, as well as FnBA, a fibronectin-binding protein from Streptococcus dysgalactiae. The presence of OF activity of FnBA was verified experimentally. Based on their archtecture, in particular contiguous regions with either high or low homology between SOF22, SOF63 and FnBA, occupying the major, enzymatically active part of the respective proteins, as well as closely related C-terminal, fibronectin-binding repeats, these proteins could be classified as representatives of a distinct group of bifunctional proteins occurring in groups A and C streptococci

Wavelet Transform - A New Tool for Analysis of Harmonics in Power Systems

This paper presents a review of application of discrete wavelet transform in power system transient analyses. Based on the discrete time domain approximation, the system components such as resistor and inductor are modeled respectively in discrete wavelet domain for the purpose of transient and steady state analyses. Numerical results for transient inductor model can be implemented by any kind of power system including normal and emergency operating modes

Wavelet Transform - A New Tool for Analysis of Harmonics in Power Systems

This paper presents a review of application of discrete wavelet transform in power system transient analyses. Based on the discrete time domain approximation, the system components such as resistor and inductor are modeled respectively in discrete wavelet domain for the purpose of transient and steady state analyses. Numerical results for transient inductor model can be implemented by any kind of power system including normal and emergency operating modes

Analysis of digestibility, nitro content, water soluble carbohydrates content and yield in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

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Detection of VAR2CSA‐captured colorectal cancer cells from blood samples by real‐time reverse transcription PCR

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Circulating tumor cells are cancer cells that have entered blood or lymphatic vessels wherefrom they might get access to distant body parts and form metastases. The presence of cancer cells in a blood sample can be exploited for non-invasive diagnostic purposes. However, as blood consists of a vast number of healthy red and white blood cells the task of identifying the few potential cancer cells in a sample is a technical challenge. In this study we explore strategies for detecting circulating tumor cells after a pre-enrichment through binding to VAR2CSA protein coupled to magnetic beads. We evaluate the performance of a novel workflow that recognizes and detects the cancer cells based on their gene expression and compare this with the more traditional detection strategy using antibodies for cell staining. The highly sensitive assay presented here could potentially provide a novel strategy for early cancer detection. ABSTRACT: Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples provides a non-invasive approach for early cancer detection. However, the rarity of CTCs makes it challenging to establish assays with the required sensitivity and specificity. We combine a highly sensitive CTC capture assay exploiting the cancer cell binding recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) with the detection of colon-related mRNA transcripts (USH1C and CKMT1A). Cancer cell transcripts are detected by RT-qPCR using proprietary Target Enrichment Long-probe Quantitative Amplified Signal (TELQAS) technology. We validate each step of the workflow using colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines spiked into blood and compare this with antibody-based cell detection. USH1C and CKMT1A are expressed in healthy colon tissue and CRC cell lines, while only low-level expression can be detected in healthy white blood cells (WBCs). The qPCR reaction shows a near-perfect amplification efficiency for all primer targets with minimal interference of WBC cDNA. Spike-in of 10 cancer cells in 3 mL blood can be detected and statistically separated from control blood using the RT-qPCR assay after rVAR2 capture (p < 0.01 for both primer targets, Mann-Whitney test). Our results provide a validated workflow for highly sensitive detection of magnetically enriched cancer cells

Group A Streptococcal rofA Gene Is Involved in the Control of Several Virulence Genes and Eukaryotic Cell Attachment and Internalization

The serotype M6 group A streptococcal RofA regulator was previously shown to exert a direct positive control of protein F1 expression and, concomitantly, fibronectin binding. Using a serotype M6 rofA mutant, we demonstrate here that this regulator has a potentially indirect negative influence on the expression of the mga, emm6, pel-sagA, and speA virulence genes. Additionally, the rofA mutant exhibited reduced eukaryotic cell internalization rates in combination with decreased host cell viability