Can aid switch gears to respond to sudden forced displacement? The case of Haut-Uele, DRC

How does the aid system respond when insecurity and suddenforced displacement occur in what has long been considered a stable, development context? Can longer-term aid interventions adapt when challenged to “shift gears” to address acute needs resulting from forced displacement? Based on observations from Médecins Sans Frontières projects in Haut-Uélé in northeastern DRC in 2008–2009, this article examines assistance to displaced populations and the residents hosting them in LRA-affected areas—above all, the stakes and dilemmas involved in responding to such a sudden-onset emergency in what international donors and the national government considered an area in development. Initially, a much-needed response to violence and displacement failed to materialize, with little permanent humanitarian presence on the ground, while development approaches failed to adapt and meet emergency needs. Short-term contingency support was provided through development NGOs, but with limited scope and maintaining cost-recovery schemes for health toward an impoverished population facing an increasingly precarious situation. A long-term development approach was simply unable to respond to the sudden population increase and a fragile health situation.Comment réagit le système d’aide lorsque l’insécurité et le déplacement forcé soudain se manifestent dans un contexte qui a longtemps été considéré comme stable et propice au développement? L’intervention humanitaire à long terme peut-elle s’adapter quand il lui faut « changer de vitesse » pour répondre aux besoins aigus résultant des déplacements forcés? S’appuyant sur l’étude de projets de Médecins Sans Frontières dans le Haut-Uélé, dans le nord-est de la RDC en 2008–2009, cet article examine l’aide aux populations déplacées et aux résidents qui les accueillent en zones touchées par l’Armée de résistance du Seigneur (LRA), plus particulièrement les enjeux et dilemmes liés à la réaction envers une situation d’urgence apparue soudai-nement dans une zone que les donateurs internationaux et le gouvernement national considéraient comme une zone de développement. Au départ, une réponse fort nécessaire à la violence et au déplacement ne s’est pas concrétisée, avec une faible présence humanitaire permanente sur le terrain, alors que les approches de développement n’ont su s’adapter et répondre aux besoins d’urgence. Des ONG de développement ont apporté un soutien d’urgence à court terme mais de portée limitée et le maintien d’un système de recouvrement des coûts pour les régimes de santé à l’intention d’une population appauvrie confronté à une situation de plus en plus précaire. Une approche de développement à long terme était tout simplement incapable de répondre à l’augmentation soudaine de la population et une situation de santé précaire

The Humanitarian Monarchy Legislates: The International Committee of the Red Cross and Its 161 of Customary International Humanitarian Law

As the final course in the education “University Diploma Programme for Process Operators” there is a thesis in cooperation with a company required.This thesis is about operator maintenance and 5S made at Metsä Board in Husum.In this report you can read my opinions and conclusions based on literature studies and the interviews that have been made with the staff at PM6 (the paper machine).I chose to focus on the theory of lean, 5S and operator maintenance because it covers the area of this thesis.The operators shall do their rounds to make sure that the equipment works fine. They shall also write down things that they notice in a checklist. This is not done as it should be and the question is: can this be solved by using 5S?My conclusion of this thesis are:Better review of the task so that everyone is involved. The equipment should be clearly marked, and to digitize - for example, with an NFC tag the checklist is automatically filled in by the operator standing nearby the machine. The motivation of the operators will be increased if they are given feedback and clear objectives

Romancing principles and human rights: are humanitarian principles salvageable?

“Classical” or “Dunantist” humanitarianism has traditionally been constructed around the core principles of neutrality (not taking sides) and impartiality (provision of assistance with no regard to ethnicity, religion, race or any other consideration, and proportional to need), plus the operational imperative (rather than a formal principle) to seek the consent of the belligerent parties. These principles, whilst never unchallenged, have dominated the contemporary discourse of humanitarianism and have been synonymous with or at least reflections of a presumed essential, enduring and universal set of humanitarian values. This paper offers a more dynamic and changing vision of the content of humanitarian action. It maps the origins and content of the “new humanitarian” critique of the humanitarian sector and principles and argues that this has both misrepresented the ethical content of neutrality and obscured what amount to significant operational adaptations that leave traditional humanitarianism well prepared for the contemporary operating environment