Agriotypus armatus Curtis, 1832, a parasitoid of Silo pallipes Fabricius, 1781: the first record for the Balkan Peninsula

Among the diverse order of Hymenoptera, aquatic species are of special interest. During macrozoobenthos sampling in the rivers of Serbia in 2003 and during the period 2011-2012, pupae of Silo pallipes Fabricius, 1781 were recorded which were parasitized by an ichneumonid wasp Agriotypus armatus Curtis, 1832, this being the first record of it for the Balkan Peninsula. A total of 217 A. armatus specimens were collected at 29 localities situated along 16 watercourses of Serbia. All four parasitoid stages (egg, larva, pupa and resting adult) were recorded. The identity of the parasitoid was confirmed using standard molecular methods. This study also focuses on the ecology of the parasitoid and its host. The widespread distribution of A. armatus in Europe suggests the presence of this species in other Balkan countries, but this has not yet been confirmed due to a lack of surveys and/or the constantly increasing pollution of freshwaters

Fatty acid profile in muscles of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) Raised in a semi-intensive production system fed with grains, pelleted and extruded feed

The effects of grains, pelleted and extruded feed on the fatty acid content in carp meat has not been examined yet. In this work, we present evidence that the high carbohydrate content in all three types of feed causes oleic acid to predominate in all meat samples. A higher PUPA content in the meat of fish fed with granulated feed was detected. The extruded feed diet led to 69% greater n-3, and 53% lower n-6 fatty acid contents. Their ratio is thus 2.64-fold higher than in meat of carp fed with pelleted feed. A higher content of n-3 fatty acids in fish fed with extruded feed was the consequence of higher DNA (1.6 times) and EPA (3.3 times) contents. The detected differences could be the consequence of the thermal treatment of extruded feed that makes the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids more accessible to fish than in a pelleted feed

Sezonska varijabilnost i diverzitet cladocera (crustacea) u lagunama za prirodno prečišćavanje otpadnih voda iz domaćinstava

Cladocera predstavljaju najznačajniju komponentu zajednice zooplanktona u većini stajaćih slatkovodnih ekosistema. Kao filtratori, hrane se algama, bakterijama, protozoama i organskim česticama, koje obiluju u netretiranim otpadnim vodama iz domaćinstava. Krupne Cladocera se proteklih decenija uveliko primenjuju u biomanipulaciji kao biološko sredstvo za prečišćavanje organski opterećenih otpadnih voda i smanjenje primarne produkcije u vodenim ekosistemima. Istraživanje predstavljeno u ovom radu realizovano je na istraživačkom poligonu “Mali Dunav” Centra za ribarstvo i primenjenu hidrobiologiju, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. U tri lagune, namenski napravljene na potoku Šugavac za prirodno prečišćavanje kanalizacionih voda poreklom iz uzvodno lociranog naselja, obavljeno je ispitivanje sastava i brojnosti zajednice zooplanktona. Pored bioloških ispitivanja, praćeni su hemijski parametri kvaliteta vode u trajanju od godinu dana, posmatranih kroz 4 perioda od po tri meseca. Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem ispitivanja dinamike populacije Cladocera u organski visoko zagađenim, plitkim, stajaćim vodenim ekosistemima i mogućnosti opstanka vrste Daphnia obtusa u datim uslovima sredine. Prema parametrima kvaliteta vode, lagune su se značajno razlikovale samo u pogledu prosečnih vrednosti pH i rastvorenog kiseonika. Diverzitet Cladocera tokom jednogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja bio je relativno visok obzirom na smanjen kvalitet vode, sa ukupno 9 identifikovanih vrsta. Kruskal-Wallis test pokazao je da između laguna ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u ukupnoj brojnosti vrsta tokom perioda ispitivanja. Međutim, ukupna brojnost i diverzitet značajno su se razlikovali u svakoj laguni u zavisnosti od perioda posmatranja, što ukazuje na izražena sezonalna variranja u pogledu kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sastava zajednice. Ova sezonska varijabilnost ogleda se u maloj brojnosti i potpunoj dominaciji sitne vrste Chydorus sphaericus tokom prvog perioda posmatranja (od kraja februara do sredine maja 2012.), praćenoj povećanjem brojnosti i diverziteta vrsta u drugom periodu (od sredine maja do sredine avgusta 2012) i dominaciji krupne vrste Daphnia obtusa u trećem periodu (od sredine avgusta do kraja novembra 2012.), čija je brojnost ponovo opala nakon dostizanja letnjeg maksimuma, uz ponovno pojavljivanje C. sphaericus u četvrtom periodu (od decembra 2012. do kraja februara 2013. godine). Vrsta koja je na svim tačkama na kojima je obavljeno ispitivanje dostigla najveću brojnost bila je Daphnia obtusa. Njeno prisustvo tipično je za vodene ekosisteme u kojima odsustvuju ribe kao predatori (Vadstein, 1993). Kruskal-Wallis test nije pokazao statistički značajne razlike u brojnosti ove vrste između laguna tokom jednogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja, dok su u svim lagunama utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u brojnosti posmatrane u različitim periodima. Rezultati pokazuju da je D. obtusa bila dominantna vrsta zooplanktona u lagunama (dostižući prosečnu maksimalnu brojnost od 1083 - 1444 ind/l tokom perioda ispitivanja), veoma tolerantna na niske vrednosti rastvorenog kiseonika (u proseku 0.32 – 6.90 mg/l) i visoko organsko opterećenje (BOD 26.65 – 33.09 mg/l)

Klirens lidokaina kao farmakokinetički parametar metaboličke aktivnosti kod pacijenata sa oštećenjem jetre

Background: The study aimed to estimate lidocaine (LID) pharmacokinetic parameter values in patients with impaired liver function, level of correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and Child-Pugh class and change in pharmacokinetic parameters after liver tumor resection compared to the preoperative value. Methods: Patients with impaired liver function were subject to the LID test 1 day prior to, 3 and 7 days after the inter- vention. LID was administered in single i.v. dose of 1 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at 15, 30 and 90 minutes after drug administration. Non-compartmental analysis was applied for calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: The study included 17 patients with the diagnosis of cirrhosis and 41 patients with liver tumor. In both groups of patients, the values of the coefficients of correlation show the best correlation between clearance (CL) and Child-Pugh score (-0.693, p<0.005) over other pharmacokinetic parameters. The results indicate worsening hepatic function on 3rd day after operation in comparison to the values of LID CL prior to operation (mean LID CL for patients with Child-Pugh class A are 25.91 L/h, 41.59 L/h, respectively; while for B class are 16.89 L/h, 22.65 L/h, respectively). On day 7th, the values of LID CL (mean value for patients with Child-Pugh class A and B are 40.98 L/h and 21.46 L/h, respectively) are increased in comparison to 3rd day after. Conclusions: LID pharmacokinetic parameters consequent- ly changed according to the severity of liver impairment, assessed by Child-Pugh score. Values of LID CL and vol- ume of distribution (Vd) coupled with standard biochemical parameters may be used for preoperative assessment of liver function and monitoring of its postoperative recovery.Uvod: Cilj studije bila je procena vrednosti farmako- kinetičkih parametara lidokaina (LID) kod pacijenata sa oštećenom funkcijom jetre, stepena korelacije izme|u farmakokinetičkih parametara i Child-Pugh klase i promene farmakokinetičkih parametara posle resekcije tumora jetre u odnosu na preoperativnu vrednost. Metode: Pacijenti sa o{te}enom funkcijom jetre bili su podvrgnuti LID testu 1 dan pre, 3. i 7. dana nakon intervencije. LID je primenjen u pojedinačnoj i.v. dozi od 1 mg/kg. Uzorci krvi su sakupljeni 15, 30 i 90 minuta nakon primene leka. Za izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih parametara primenjena je neprostorna analiza. Rezultati: Studijom je obuhvaćeno 17 pacijenata sa dijagnozom ciroze i 41 pacijent sa tumorom jetre. Kod obe grupe pacijenata, vrednosti koeficijenata korelacije pokazuju najbolju korelaciju izme|u klirensa LID (CL) i Child-Pugh skora (-0,693, p<0,005) u odnosu na ostale farmakokinetičke parametre. Rezultati ukazuju na pogoršanje funkcije jetre 3. dana nakon operacije u pore|enju sa vrednostima LID CL pre operacije (srednje vrednosti LID CL kod pacijenata Child-Pugh grupe A iznosile su 25,91 L/h, 41,59 L/h, respektivno; dok su kod pacijenata u klasi B iznosile 16,89 L/h, 22,65 L/h, respektivno). Sedmog dana vrednosti LID CL (srednja vrednost u Child-Pugh grupi A i B iznosile su 40,98 L/h i 21,46 L/h, respektivno) bile su veće u odnosu na 3. dan posle hirur{ke intervencije. Zaključak: Farmakokinetički parametri LID se razlikuju u zavisnosti od težine oštećenja jetre, procenjenih Child-Pugh skorom. Vrednosti farmakokinetičkih parametara LID u kombinaciji sa standardnim biohemijskim parametrima mogu se koristiti za preoperativnu procenu funkcije jetre i praćenje njenog postoperativnog oporavk

Lidocaine clearance as pharmacokinetic parameter of metabolic hepatic activity in patients with impaired liver

Background: The study aimed to estimate lidocaine (LID) pharmacokinetic parameter values in patients with impaired liver function, level of correlation between the pharmacokinetic parameters and Child-Pugh class and change in pharmacokinetic parameters after liver tumor resection compared to the preoperative value. Methods: Patients with impaired liver function were subject to the LID test 1 day prior to, 3 and 7 days after the intervention. LID was administered in single i.v. dose of 1 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at 15, 30 and 90 minutes after drug administration. Non-compartmental analysis was applied for calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: The study included 17 patients with the diagnosis of cirrhosis and 41 patients with liver tumor. In both groups of patients, the values of the coefficients of correlation show the best correlation between clearance (CL) and Child-Pugh score (-0.693, p<0.005) over other pharmacokinetic parameters. The results indicate worsening hepatic function on 3rd day after operation in comparison to the values of LID CL prior to operation (mean LID CL for patients with Child-Pugh class A are 25.91 L/h, 41.59 L/h, respectively; while for B class are 16.89 L/h, 22.65 L/h, respectively). On day 7th, the values of LID CL (mean value for patients with Child-Pugh class A and B are 40.98 L/h and 21.46 L/h, respectively) are increased in comparison to 3rd day after. Conclusions: LID pharmacokinetic parameters consequently changed according to the severity of liver impairment, assessed by Child-Pugh score. Values of LID CL and volume of distribution (Vd) coupled with standard biochemical parameters may be used for preoperative assessment of liver function and monitoring of its postoperative recovery

Produkcija makrozoobentosa u reci Rači uzvodno i nizvodno od pastrmskog ribnjaka

Biomasa (produkcija) makrozoobentosa je odabrana kao osnovni pokazatelj za praćenje promena kvantitativnog sastava naselja dna na lokalitetima uzvodno i nizvodno od pastrmskog ribnjaka u reci Rači. Istraživanje sekundarne produkcije makrozoobentosa reke Rače sa sedam lokaliteta, obavljeno je u periodu 2011. (april, jun, septembar, oktobar, decembar) i 2012. godine (februar i maj). Dominantne grupe u biomasi makrozoobentosa su Hirudinea (Annelida), Mollusca, Gammaridae (Crustacea) i Trichoptera (Insecta). Vrednosti biomase zoobentosa kretale su se u svim mesecima istraživanja u intervalu od 3,2001 g/m2, na lokalitetu RČ2 (u februaru) ,do 216,7120 g/m2, na lokalitetu RČ3 (u februaru). Biomasa faune dna najveća je u svim mesecima istraživanja na lokalitetu RČ3, koji je lociran nizvodno od pastrmskog ribnjaka. Na ovom lokalitetu biomasa makroinvertebrata se kretala od 87,8643 g/m2 (u aprilu 2011. godine) do 216,7120 g/m2 (u februaru 2012. godine)

New records of thremma anomalum (trichoptera: uenoidae) from southeastern Europe with notes on its ecology

Distribution of Thremma anomalum was well documented by the late 1980s. How ever, macrozoobenthos research within Serbian watercourses between 1989 and 2010 reveal a shift of the western boundary of the distribution. Recent research in western Serbia and northern Montenegro has shown no trace of this species, in spite of its previous presence. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the species was found in only one of ten former localities, implying that the species might entirely vanish from zoographic region 5 in the near future. On the other hand, the species was found at 17 localities in eastern, southeastern and southern Serbia, sections of the area where the species was not recorded earlier. This research has shown that T. anomalum is not restricted to cold waters and builds specific biocenoses characterized by dominance of Trichoptera and Gammaridae

Kvalitet vode u reci Raškoj na osnovu organizama zoobentosa i zooplanktona kao bioindikatora

U cilju ispitivnja kvaliteta vode reke Raške, organizmi zoobentosa i zooplanktona korišćeni su kao bioindikatori. Istraživanje je sprovedeno od aprila 2011. godine do maja 2012. godine, u vremenskim intervalima od dva meseca. Odabrano je ukupno pet lokaliteta na dužinini toka od 2.5 km. Između drugog i trećeg lokaliteta lociran je pastrmski ribnjak, čiji je uticaj na zajednice organizama praćen. Na lokalitetima koji su obuhvaćeni istraživanjima konstatovano je 57 taksona makrozoobentosa (34 vrste, 21 roda, 1 familija i 1 klasa) i 75 taksona zooplanktona (58 vrsta, 15 rodova, 1 red i 1 klasa). Srednje vrednosti indeksa saprobnosti ukazivale su na manje razlike u dobijenim vrednostima korišćenjem zoobentosa i zooplanktona. Na osnovu saprobioloških analiza, kada su kao bioindikatori korišćeni organizmi bentosa, kvalitet vode u reci Raškoj je druge klase kvaliteta, ili na prelazu između prve i druge klase, uglavnom na lokalitetima iznad ribnjaka. Organizmi zooplanktona su pokazali da voda celom dužinom toka pripada prvoj klasi kvaliteta. Najmanje vrednosti indeksa saprobnosti zabeležene su na prvom, referentnom lokalitetu 1.453±0.098 (zooplankton), a najviše na četvrtom lokalitetu 1.88±0.021 (zoobentos). Na lokalitetu ispod ribnjka, gde je zabeležen pad u koncentraciji kiseonika, dominiraju organizmi bentosa koji tolerišu veći stepen organskog zagađenja (Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Simuliidae). Iako su koncentracije ukupnog fosfora i ortofosfata rasle od trećeg ka petom lokalitetu, njihove koncentracije nisu premašivale dozvoljene vrednosti za salmonidne vode. Međutim, srednje vrednosti koncentracije nejonizovanog amonijaka (NH4+) su iznad referentnih vrednosti na trećem i četvrtom lokalitetu. Razlog nepodudaranja vrednosti indekasa saprobnosti za dve istraživane grupe, može biti usled nestabilnih zooplanktonskih zajednica zbog izraženog efekta drifta, kao i usled činjenice da će zbog procesa sedimentacije dospelih organskih materija, organizmi dna biti izloženiji njihovom uticaju. Zajednice bentosa, kao znatno stabilnije i u vremenu i u prostoru, pogodnije su za procenu kvaliteta tekućih voda

Importance of zooplankton as live feed for carp larvae

Zooplankton is a very important source of natural food for larvae of many aquaculture species. In semi-intensive systems, which are the dominant type of carp production, many fish species feed on both zooplankton and zoobenthos as adults, while larvae and fry rely mostly on zooplankton. It provides them with high quality nutrients and other molecules such as proteolitic enzymes, hormones and growth factors, which support digestive processes in immature larval gut. Larviculture, especially start feeding of early larval stages, appear to be a critical point in fish culturing. However, artificial diets formulated for larvae show poor digestibility. Use of live feed of small dimensions, good nutritive characteristics and locomotion that provides visual stimulus, overcome that problem. Zooplankters commonly used for mass production as live feed for fish larvae are Rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis and B. calyciflorus) and brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Shortly after hatching, carp larvae are transferred to nursing ponds for further rearing. Ponds are previously prepared through agrotechnical measures in order to provide nutrient enrichment and stimulate production. During the first days of exogenous feeding, larvae consume only the smallest zooplankters such as Rotifers and naupliar larvae of Copepods, while later they move on to bigger pray as Cladocerans. However, due to variable environmental conditions, predation, competition or infections in earthen ponds, mortality in nursing ponds is often very high, reaching over 90%. Thereby, modern approach suggests rearing in indoor tanks in controlled systems and use of automatic feeding systems to provide precise portions of zooplankton

The effects of geothermal water inflow on longitudinal changes in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition of a temperate stream

Studies of macroinvertebrate communities in thermal streams are highly geographically localized and mostly faunistical, making the efforts to understand in situ water thermal regime effects on those biocoenoses barely achievable. We examined the effects of geothermal water inflow on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in a temperate stream. Environmental data analysis has shown that water temperature is a major factor determining the faunistical composition, especially downstream of the geothermal water inflow situated some 20 m upstream of locality V3. The increase in mean annual water temperature from 11.5 +/- 4.1 degrees C at locality V2 to 22.0 +/- 5.0 degrees C at locality V3 induced an enormous shift in community composition from a diverse one, composed mainly of Gammaridae, Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera, and to a lesser extent of Plecoptera, Coleoptera, other Diptera, Hirudinea, Odonata, Mollusca and Oligochaeta, to a uniform one strongly dominated by Chironomidae, Mollusca and Oligochaeta, comprising 98.9 +/- 0.5% of collected individuals. While the disappearance of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera and the increase in representation of Mollusca and Oligochaeta at locality V3 might be solely explained by water temperature increase, in the case of Chironomidae the increase in water discharge and relatively high annual water temperature variation at locality V3 had additional positive effects. However, the latter factor induced disappearance of Gammaridae at locality V3. In addition to the increase in water temperature, increase of water velocity significantly determined the longitudinal dynamics of Coleoptera