Characteristics of local pulmonary response following intranasal application of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

In this study, histopathology of local pulmonary response following intranasal inoculation of different doses of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in laboratory rats was evaluated. Development of response was evaluated on days seven and twenty one, following conidia inoculation by cell infiltration and by presence of A. fumigatus conidia in homogenates of lung tissue. Total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts and state of leukocyte adhesion/aggregation were monitored to estimate the presence of systemic response in infected individuals. Mycological examination revealed the presence of conidia in lung tissue homogenates of infected animals, with high number of non-germinating spores on day twenty one, following the inoculation of lower conidia dose. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of lymphocytes perivascularly and in vascular lumen in the lungs. Presented data demonstrate pulmonary immune response following A. fumigatus conidia administration.Aspergillus fumigatus je oportunistička gljiva koja najčešće dovodi do pulmonarnih aspergiloza kod imunokompromitovanih organizama. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja izazivanja infekcije aspergilusom kod pacova. U cilju dobijanja podataka o prisustvu i karakteristikama lokalnog inflamatornog odgovora u plućima određen je diferencijalni sastav leukocita periferne krvi i testirana je njihova aktivnost, izvršeni su histopatološki pregled pluća i provera prisustva spora A. fumigatus u homogenatima pluća. Naši podaci su pokazali prisustvo lokalnog odgovora u plućima posle 7 dana dok podaci dobijeni posle 21 dan ne pokazuju značajne razlike u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Povećani broj neklijajućih spora u homogenatu pluća sedmog dana nakon inokulacije može da se objasni prisustvom limfocitnog infiltrata u plućima i aktivnošću limfocita in situ. Povećan broj klijajućih spora 21. dana nakon inokulacije može da bude posledica kapaciteta malog broja preostalih spora da klijaju.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Characteristics of local pulmonary response following intranasal application of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

In this study, histopathology of local pulmonary response following intranasal inoculation of different doses of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in laboratory rats was evaluated. Development of response was evaluated on days seven and twenty one, following conidia inoculation by cell infiltration and by presence of A. fumigatus conidia in homogenates of lung tissue. Total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts and state of leukocyte adhesion/aggregation were monitored to estimate the presence of systemic response in infected individuals. Mycological examination revealed the presence of conidia in lung tissue homogenates of infected animals, with high number of non-germinating spores on day twenty one, following the inoculation of lower conidia dose. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of lymphocytes perivascularly and in vascular lumen in the lungs. Presented data demonstrate pulmonary immune response following A. fumigatus conidia administration

Toxigenic and pathogenic fungi in Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk., 1769) from natural populations in semiagricultural habitats

In this study, the presence of toxigenic and pathogenic fungi was detected in individuals of natural populations of Norway rats from semiagricultural habitats. The presence of fungi was noted in 19 out of 30 (63%) individuals examined. Six fungal species were isolated and identified, of which majority belonged to Hyphomycetes (Deuteromycotina) and Mucor racemosus from Zygomycotina. All of detected species are of public health importance and some of them might influence animals health.U ovom radu su prikazana istraživanja prisustva toksigenih i patogenih gljiva u jedinkama sivog pacova (Rattus norvegicus Berk., 1769) iz prirodnih populacija sa polupoljoprivrednih staništa (Omoljica, Kovin, Leštane, Ovča). Detekcija prisustva gljiva u biološkom materijalu (bris kože nosne šupljine i homogenat pluća) je vršena na selektivnoj Sabouraud Maltose Agar (SMA) podlozi. Istraživanje je pokazalo prisustvo šest vrsta gljiva od kojih pet pripada klasi Hyphomyceta (Deuteromycotina), a Mucor racemosus klasi Zygomycotina. Vrste roda Aspergillus su detektovane u homogenatima pluća šest jedinki, a Penicillium kod pet jedinki. Paecilomyces varioti je izolovan iz tkiva šest jedinki sivog pacova. Brisevi kože nosne šupljine su dali pozitivne rezultate u 15 (50%) od 30 jedinki (četiri pozitivna za Aspergillus, četiri za Penicillium, šest za Paecilomyces varioti i jedna za Mucor racemosus). Međutim, u samo 9 slučajeva zabeleženo je poklapanje prisustva gljiva u koži nosne šupljine i pluća. Nalazi koji pokazuju prisustvo patogena, izazivača teških gljivičnih oboljenja, ukazuju na sivog pacova kao na potencijalni rezervoar ovih agenasa. Dobijeni podaci predstavljaju, prema našem saznanju, prve podatke o prisustvu gljiva kod pacova iz prirodne sredine zabeležene kod nas.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Characteristics of local pulmonary response following intranasal application of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

In this study, histopathology of local pulmonary response following intranasal inoculation of different doses of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in laboratory rats was evaluated. Development of response was evaluated on days seven and twenty one, following conidia inoculation by cell infiltration and by presence of A. fumigatus conidia in homogenates of lung tissue. Total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts and state of leukocyte adhesion/aggregation were monitored to estimate the presence of systemic response in infected individuals. Mycological examination revealed the presence of conidia in lung tissue homogenates of infected animals, with high number of non-germinating spores on day twenty one, following the inoculation of lower conidia dose. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of lymphocytes perivascularly and in vascular lumen in the lungs. Presented data demonstrate pulmonary immune response following A. fumigatus conidia administration.Aspergillus fumigatus je oportunistička gljiva koja najčešće dovodi do pulmonarnih aspergiloza kod imunokompromitovanih organizama. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja izazivanja infekcije aspergilusom kod pacova. U cilju dobijanja podataka o prisustvu i karakteristikama lokalnog inflamatornog odgovora u plućima određen je diferencijalni sastav leukocita periferne krvi i testirana je njihova aktivnost, izvršeni su histopatološki pregled pluća i provera prisustva spora A. fumigatus u homogenatima pluća. Naši podaci su pokazali prisustvo lokalnog odgovora u plućima posle 7 dana dok podaci dobijeni posle 21 dan ne pokazuju značajne razlike u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Povećani broj neklijajućih spora u homogenatu pluća sedmog dana nakon inokulacije može da se objasni prisustvom limfocitnog infiltrata u plućima i aktivnošću limfocita in situ. Povećan broj klijajućih spora 21. dana nakon inokulacije može da bude posledica kapaciteta malog broja preostalih spora da klijaju.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Differential effects of in vivo cadmium administration on lymphocytes and granulocytes in rats

Effect of in vivo administration of 0.5, 1 or 2 mg cadmium/kg body mass on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte and splenic lymphocyte functional state and viability was examined in rats. Decreased proliferative capacity in vitro of splenic lymphocytes to T-cell mitogen concanavalin A was noted at all administered cadmium dosages. No changes in cell viability, except at the highest cadmium dose, were noted in lymphocyte cultures. Increase in some of the aspects of granulocyte function including spontaneous adhesion and activation was seen and was accompanied by increase in granulocyte survival ex vivo. Rise In cytokine inflammatory mediators which might influence lymphocyte and neutrophil functions was noted also. Differential effects of cadmium on these 2 cell types might be considered when studying in vivo cadmium toxicity.nul

Differential effects of in vivo cadmium administration on lymphocytes and granulocytes in rats

Effect of in vivo administration of 0.5, 1 or 2 mg cadmium/kg body mass on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte and splenic lymphocyte functional state and viability was examined in rats. Decreased proliferative capacity in vitro of splenic lymphocytes to T-cell mitogen concanavalin A was noted at all administered cadmium dosages. No changes in cell viability, except at the highest cadmium dose, were noted in lymphocyte cultures. Increase in some of the aspects of granulocyte function including spontaneous adhesion and activation was seen and was accompanied by increase in granulocyte survival ex vivo. Rise In cytokine inflammatory mediators which might influence lymphocyte and neutrophil functions was noted also. Differential effects of cadmium on these 2 cell types might be considered when studying in vivo cadmium toxicity.nul

Peripheral blood granulocyte activity following epicutaneous application of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in rats

Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is the most commonly studied irritant. Beside local skin effects, there are data that suggest effects of SDS in the context of the systemic microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are quantitative and qualitative changes in peripheral blood granulocytes following one-time open epicutaneous application of SDS in rats. An increase in total leukocyte numbers with a shift toward granulocytes was noted following application of 0.4% SDS, while the metabolic activity of isolated peripheral blood granulocytes was increased after application of both 0.2% and 0.4% SDS. Differences were not noted in both spontaneous cell activation [evaluated by cytochemical nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay] and adhesion to plastic. Examination of granulocyte activity following 0.4% SDS application (when both quantitative and changes in metabolic activity were observed) demonstrated an increase in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated activation and adhesion of granulocytes compared to responses of cells from control animals, suggesting their primed state. An increase in metabolic granulocyte activity was noted in overnight cultures supplemented with autologous plasma of granulocytes from the 0.4% SDS group, pointing to the role of systemic factors in observed increase in functional activity. As presented in this study, changes in peripheral blood granulocytes illustrate systemic effects of topical SDS application.nul

Percutaneous toxicity of anticoagulant warfarin in rats

Percutaneous toxicity of anticoagulant rodenticides is usually manifested by coagulopathy and/or fatal outcome. There are, however, virtually no data on other biological effects of this class of pesticides that gain access into the organism via skin. In this study, percutaneous toxicity of epicutaneously applied warfarin was evaluated by measuring changes in peripheral blood granulocytes in rats. Application of 10 mu g (0.05 mg/kg) or 100 mu g (0.5mg/kg) of warfarin (WF) for 3 consecutive days resulted in an increase in prothrombin time, documenting the access of warfarin to systemic circulation. Application of warfarin led to an increase in relative numbers of granulocytes at higher dose, whereas both doses resulted in increased metabolical viability, evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazofium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Higher warfarin dose resulted in both granulocyte activation and priming (evaluated by cytochemical nitroblue tetrazolium, NBT, reduction assay of respiratory burst), whereas only a tendency toward activation was noted at lower WF dose. Soluble mediators from the circulation seem responsible for the observed effects, as exogenous plasma from WF-treated animals stimulated NBT reduction by isologous or naive granulocytes. Data presented in this study are relevant for the recognition of biological effects, other than those affecting hemostasis, of anticoagulant rodenticides that gain access to systemic circulation through the skin.nul

Epicutaneous exposure to anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin modulates local skin activity in rats

Dermatotoxic effects of epicutaneous application of a first generation anticoagulant, warfarin (WF), were examined in rats. Selected parameters of skin activity were determined 24 hours following warfarin application by histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis and by assessing some aspects of immunomodulatory potential of warfarin in skin. Increased number of mast cells, with degranulation at higher doses of warfarin was noted in warfarin treated skin. Mast cell presence coincided with changes in blood vessels and fibroblast appearance suggesting mast cell activity in warfarin treated skin. Signs of nuclear hypertrophy and anysonucleosys were noted by analysis of PCNA(+) cells in epidermis following warfarin application. Histomorphological changes were accompanied by immunemodulating activity in warfarin treated skin. This was judged by slightly increased numbers of CD3(+) cells in epidermis and superficial dermis and by production of organ cultured full thickness skin explants of factors with costimulatory activity in T-cell activation/proliferation assay. Presented data demonstrates the potential of warfarin to modulate local skin activity in rats.nul

Gender Differences in Acute Cadmium-Induced Systemic Inflammation in Rats

To examine the presence of gender differences in pro-inflammatory potential of cadmium in rats by comparing systemic inflammatory response to acute cadmium intoxication in animals of the two sexes. Methods Basic aspects of this response were evaluated, including plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and of major rat acute phase protein alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M), as Soluble indicators of inflammation, and the number and activity of peripheral blood leukocytes, as cellular indicators of inflammation. Results Differential increases of IL-6 and alpha 2-M (higher in males than in females) in peripheral blood cell counts and types (leukocytosis and shift in the ratio of granulocytes to lymphocytes more pronounced in males vs females) and in levels of neutrophil priming (higher in males vs females) were noted. Conclusion The data document a more intense inflammatory response to cadmium administration in males. The sex differences in inflammatory effects of cadmium might be taken into consideration in studying the toxicity of this heavy metal.nul