118 research outputs found
Measuring the Broad-band X-Ray Spectrum from 400 eV to 40 keV in the Southwest Part of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
We report on results from Suzaku broadband X-ray observations of the
southwest part of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 with an
energy coverage of 0.4-40 keV. The X-ray spectrum, presumably of synchrotron
origin, is known to be completely lineless, making this SNR ideally suited for
a detailed study of the X-ray spectral shape formed through efficient particle
acceleration at high speed shocks. With a sensitive hard X-ray measurement from
the HXD PIN on board Suzaku, we determine the hard X-ray spectrum in the 12--40
keV range to be described by a power law with photon index Gamma = 3.2+/- 0.2,
significantly steeper than the soft X-ray index of Gamma = 2.4+/- 0.05 measured
previously with ASCA and other missions. We find that a simple power law fails
to describe the full spectral range of 0.4-40 keV and instead a power-law with
an exponential cutoff with hard index Gamma = 1.50+/- 0.09 and high-energy
cutoff epsilon_c = 1.2+/- 0.3 keV formally provides an excellent fit over the
full bandpass. If we use the so-called SRCUT model, as an alternative model, it
gives the best-fit rolloff energy of epsilon_{roll} = 0.95+/- 0.04 keV.
Together with the TeV gamma-ray spectrum ranging from 0.3 to 100 TeV obtained
recently by HESS observations, our Suzaku observations of RX J1713.7-3946
provide stringent constraints on the highest energy particles accelerated in a
supernova shock.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Publications of the
Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ
A Suzaku Observation of the Low-Ionization Fe-Line Emission from RCW 86
The newly operational X-ray satellite Suzaku observed the southwestern
quadrant of the supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 86 in February 2006 to study the
nature of the 6.4 keV emission line first detected with the Advanced Satellite
for Cosmology and Astronomy (ASCA). The new data confirm the existence of the
line, localizing it for the first time; most of the line emission is adjacent
and interior to the forward shock and not at the locus of the continuum hard
emission. We also report the first detection of a 7.1 keV line that we
interpret as the K-beta emission from low-ionization iron. The Fe-K line
features are consistent with a non-equilibrium plasma of Fe-rich ejecta with
n_{e}t <~ 10^9 cm^-3 s and kT_{e} ~ 5 keV. This combination of low n_{e}t and
high kT_{e} suggests collisionless electron heating in an SNR shock. The Fe
K-alpha line shows evidence for intrinsic broadening, with a width of 47
(34--59) eV (99% error region). The difference of the spatial distributions of
the hard continuum above 3 keV and the Fe-K line emission support a synchrotron
origin for the hard continuum.Comment: 6 pages with 6 figures. Accepted for PASJ Suzaku Special Issue (vo.
58, sp.1
Living with Family Is Directly Associated with Regular Dental Checkup and Indirectly Associated with Gingival Status among Japanese University Students: A 3-Year Cohort Study
Although some studies showed that lifestyle was associated with oral health behavior, few studies investigated the association between household type and oral health behavior. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between household type, oral health behavior, and periodontal status among Japanese university students. Data were obtained from 377 students who received oral examinations and self-questionnaires in 2016 and 2019. We assessed periodontal status using the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP), probing pocket depth, oral hygiene status, oral health behaviors, and related factors. We used structural equation modeling to determine the association between household type, oral health behaviors, gingivitis, and periodontitis. At follow-up, 252 students did not live with their families. The mean +/- standard deviation of %BOP was 35.5 +/- 24.7 at baseline and 32.1 +/- 25.3 at follow-up. In the final model, students living with their families were significantly more likely to receive regular dental checkup than those living alone. Regular checkup affected the decrease in calculus. The decrease in calculus affected the decrease in %BOP over 3 years. Living with family was directly associated with regular dental checkups and indirectly contributed to gingival status among Japanese university students
Association between Household Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Dental Caries among Japanese Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
The long-term effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) on dental caries among Japanese young adults remain unclear. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether household exposure to SHS is associated with dental caries in permanent dentition among Japanese young adults. The study sample included 1905 first-year university students (age range: 18-19 years) who answered a questionnaire and participated in oral examinations. The degree of household exposure to SHS was categorized into four levels according to the SHS duration: no experience (-), past, current SHS = 10 years. Dental caries are expressed as the total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score. The relationships between SHS and dental caries were determined by logistic regression analysis. DMFT scores (median (25th percentile, 75th percentile)) were significantly higher in the current SHS >= 10 years (median: 1.0 (0.0, 3.0)) than in the SHS-(median: 0.0 (0.0, 2.0)); p = 0.001). DMFT >= 1 was significantly associated with SHS >= 10 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-1.87, p = 10 years) was associated with dental caries in permanent dentition among Japanese young adults
Suzaku Observations of HESS J1616-508: Evidence for a Dark Particle Accelerator
We observed the bright unidentified TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1616-508 with
the X-ray Imaging Spectrometers onboard the Suzaku satellite. No X-ray
counterpart was found to a limiting flux of 3.1e-13 erg/s/cm^2 in the 2--10 keV
band, which is some 60 times below the gamma-ray flux in the 1--10 TeV band.
This object is bright in TeV gamma-rays but very dim in the X-ray band, and
thus is one of the best examples in the Galaxy of a "dark particle
accelerator." We also detected soft thermal emission with kT=0.3--0.6 keV near
the location of HESSJ1616. This may be due to the dust grain scattering halo
from the nearby bright supernova remnant RCW103.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in PASJ Suzaku Special
Issue (vol. 59 sp. 1
The Suzaku Observation of the Nucleus of the Radio-Loud Active Galaxy Centaurus A: Constraints on Abundances of the Accreting Material
A Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio-loud AGN Centaurus A in 2005
has yielded a broadband spectrum spanning 0.3 to 250 keV. The net exposure
times after screening were: 70 ks per X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) camera,
60.8 ks for the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) PIN, and 17.1 ks for the HXD-GSO. The
hard X-rays are fit by two power-laws of the same slope, absorbed by columns of
1.5 and 7 * 10^{23} cm^{-2} respectively. The spectrum is consistent with
previous suggestions that the power-law components are X-ray emission from the
sub-pc VLBI jet and from Bondi accretion at the core, but it is also consistent
with a partial covering interpretation. The soft band is dominated by thermal
emission from the diffuse plasma and is fit well by a two-temperature VAPEC
model, plus a third power-law component to account for scattered nuclear
emission, jet emission, and emission from X-ray Binaries and other point
sources. Narrow fluorescent emission lines from Fe, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Ni are
detected. The Fe K alpha line width yields a 200 light-day lower limit on the
distance from the black hole to the line-emitting gas. Fe, Ca, and S K-shell
absorption edges are detected. Elemental abundances are constrained via
absorption edge depths and strengths of the fluorescent and diffuse plasma
emission lines. The high metallicity ([Fe/H]=+0.1) of the circumnuclear
material suggests that it could not have originated in the relatively
metal-poor outer halo unless enrichment by local star formation has occurred.
Relative abundances are consistent with enrichment from Type II and Ia
supernovae.Comment: Accepted for publication to ApJ. 22 pages, 11 figures (3 color). Uses
emulateapj5.sty. Grammatical errors corrected; some references update
A Suzaku Observation of the Neutral Fe-line Emission from RCW 86
The newly operational X-ray satellite Suzaku observed the supernova remnant (SNR) RCW 86 in February 2006 to study the nature of the 6.4 keV emission line first detected with the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astronomy (ASCA). The new data confirms the existence of the line, localizing it for the first time inside a low temperature emission region and not at the locus of the continuum hard X-ray emission. We also report the first detection of a 7.1 keV line that we interpret as the K(beta) emission from neutral or low-ionized iron. The Fe-K line features are consistent with a non-equilibrium plasma of Fe-rich ejecta with n(sub e) less than or approx. equal to 10(exp 9)/cu cm s and kT(sub e) > 1 keV. We found a sign that Fe K(alpha) line is intrinsically broadened 47 (35-57) eV (99% error region). Cr-K line is also marginally detected, which is supporting the ejecta origin for the Fe-K line. By showing that the hard continuum above 3 keV has different spatial distribution from the Fe-K line, we confirmed it to be synchrotron X-ray emission
Identification of a novel uterine leiomyoma GWAS locus in a Japanese population
Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common gynaecologic benign tumours, but its genetic basis remains largely unknown. Six previous GWAS identified 33 genetic factors in total. Here, we performed a two-staged GWAS using 13,746 cases and 70,316 controls from the Japanese population, followed by a replication analysis using 3,483 cases and 4,795 controls. The analysis identified 9 significant loci, including a novel locus on 12q23.2 (rs17033114, P = 6.12 × 10−25 with an OR of 1.177 (1.141-1.213), LINC00485). Subgroup analysis indicated that 5 loci (3q26.2, 5p15.33, 10q24.33, 11p15.5, 13q14.11) exhibited a statistically significant effect among multiple leiomyomas, and 2 loci (3q26.2, 10q24.33) exhibited a significant effect among submucous leiomyomas. Pleiotropic analysis indicated that all 9 loci were associated with at least one proliferative disease, suggesting the role of these loci in the common neoplastic pathway. Furthermore, the risk T allele of rs2251795 (3q26.2) was associated with longer telomere length in both normal and tumour tissues. Our findings elucidated the significance of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma
Study of Nonthermal Emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946 with Suzaku
We present results obtained from a series of observations of the supernova
remnant RX J1713.7-3946 by the Suzaku satellite. The observations cover about
two-thirds of the remnant surface. We successfully detected hard X-rays up to ~
40 keV from each pointing. The hard X-ray spectra are described by power-law
functions with photon indices of ~ 3.0, which are larger than those in the
energy region below 10 keV. Connection of the spatially-integrated XIS and HXD
spectra clearly reveals a spectral cutoff in the 0.4--40 keV X-ray spectrum.
This cutoff is interpreted to correspond to the maximum acceleration energy of
electrons emitting synchrotron radiation. The wide-band coverage of Suzaku for
the first time allows us to derive the parent electron spectrum in the cutoff
region, which shows good agreement with theoretical predictions. The inferred
cutoff energy in the spatially-integrated X-ray spectrum indicates that
particle acceleration in the remnant is so efficient that it is almost at the
theoretical limit, the so-called Bohm limit. Based on the Suzaku data, we
present results of multi-wavelength studies from spectral and morphological
points of view. The spectral energy distribution favors the hadronic scenario
rather than the leptonic scenario. For the morphology studies, we compare the
surface brightness maps from the Suzaku XIS and the H.E.S.S. telescope. We
confirm the strong correlation between X-ray and TeV gamma-ray emission. In
addition to the correlation, we found that in the bright western rim regions
the X-ray emission is brighter than expected from the general X-ray to
gamma-ray correlation.Comment: 16 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory
The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly
successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical
Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy
universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range,
from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution,
high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral
resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in
the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers
covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing
hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12
keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and
a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the
40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral
resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science
themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical
Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to
Gamma Ray
- …