Studies on the breeding og sorghum varieties resist to sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)

Article信州大学農学部AFC報告 1: 1-34(2003)departmental bulletin pape

Accumulation efficiency of degradable matter during the early grain-filling period in rice

The dry weight of cellular contents in the whole rice plant (dWc/dt) is partitioned from the crop growth rate (dW/dt), and the resulting rate represents the accumulation efficiency of degradable matter (dWc/dW). The grain yielding ability and stability are significantly affected by the dry matter partitioning to cell wall during grain filling stage. Comparative studies for dWc/dW during the early grain-filling period were conducted using diverse genotypes of rice varieties in eight experimental fields in Japan, China, and Thailand for 2 yr to develop a simplified process model with submodels for partitioning. Nine rice varieties-2 japonica, 3 indica, indica×japonica, indica×javanica, javanica, and NERICA-were used. dWc/dW was measured by enzymatic analysis. The relationship between dW/dt and the accumulation rate of cellular contents per unit ground area (dWc/dt) was described using a linear regression equation, and the proportionality factor k (slope), which represents accumulation efficiency, was estimated using data from each variety. The k values varied from 0.570 for the traditional indica cv. Ch86 (CH) to 0.765 for the WAB450 line (WA), which is a NERICA variety. High values of dWc/dW were observed in the modern varieties developed by remote crossing [Takanari (TA) and WA]. The average k value from the results of multi-site experiments was 0.681.TA and WA showed high accumulation efficiency by high sink activity under various dW/dts that fluctuated according to environmental conditions at the cultivation sites. Conversely, CH, classified as a "grassy rice" phenotype, formed a cell wall during the early grain-filling period.Article信州大学農学部AFC報告 13: 1-11 (2015)departmental bulletin pape

Effects of fruit skin and water temperature during soaking before germination on the emergence rates of common buckwheat

The studies focused effects of the presence of fruit skin (hull or pericarp) and water temperature during water soaking before germination on the emergence rates of common buckwheat (Fagophyrum esculentum Moench) after seeding. We aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying the poor emergence rates that have been observed after water flooding before germination. Shinano No.1 was exposed to water soaking treatments at temperatures of 10,15,20, or 25℃ for 3 days. After soaking, the seeds were grown at 20℃, and the percentages of emerged seedlings were investigated 7 days after seeding. Dehulled seeds and normal seeds were soaked for 4 days at 25℃, and the contents of dissolved oxygen were measured in the water. The emergence rates of normal intact seeds (fruits)decreased significantly (p＜0.01)with an increase in soaking water temperature before germination. The emergence rates of dehulled seeds improved after removing the fruit skin, and it reached 70%,even at 25℃.Soaking treatment for 96 h at 25℃ decreased the emergence rates of normal seeds and dehulled seeds. The emergence rate of normal seeds was significantly lower than that of dehulled seeds (p＜0.001). Moreover, there was no difference in the emergence rates of dehulled seeds between plots with or without daily water replacement. The contents of dissolved oxygen in the water at 25℃ did not differ between normal seeds and dehulled seeds after 50h. These results suggested that high temperatures affected embryo viability and that the relative mechanical resistance of the fruit skin on the embryo directly affected the seed emergence rate.Article信州大学農学部AFC報告 13: 113-118 (2015)departmental bulletin pape

Comparison of Young Seedling Growth and Sodium Distribution among Sorghum Plants under Salt Stress

Young seedlings of 22 Sorghum cultivars including sorghum, sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, were examined for their growth characteristics and sodium ion accumulation in different plant parts, under salt treatment. The salt treatment was started with 100 mM NaCl and increased to 150 mM during the experiment. The plant dry weight decreased under NaCl treatment in all cultivars, and especially the dry weight of leaf blade decreased markedly. The cultivar difference in the plant dry weight under salt stress was affected by that in relative growth rate which was mainly changed by net assimilation rate (NAR). Cultivars that maintained higher NAR under salt stress had a smaller specific leaf area and higher nitrogen content per unit leaf area. Sorghum plants under salt stress retained Na+ mainly in roots preventing the distribution of excess amount of Na+ to leaves, but the root dry weight was increased by salt stress. It was therefore considered that thicker leaf blades and apparent increases in root dry weight were the main contributors to the maintenance of dry matter yield and enhanced the growth of Sorghum cultivars under NaCl treatment

Le Peuple : organe quotidien du syndicalisme

01 juin 19381938/06/01 (A20,N6339)-1938/06/01

MOESM1 of The sorghum SWEET gene family: stem sucrose accumulation as revealed through transcriptome profiling

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Amino acid alignment of SWEET proteins. (A) Alignment of SWEET4-1, SWEET4-2, and SWEET4-3 of SIL-05 and BTx623. Red arrows indicate amino acids that differ between SIL-05 and BTx623: V172L of SWEET4-1 and D229E of SWEET4-3. (B) Alignment of putative orthologs of SWEET4-1 among plants. The aspartic acid at 229 of SWEET4-1 (corresponding to position 229 of sorghum SWEET4-3; red arrow) is conserved among putative SWEET orthologs in Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Setaria italica, and Zea mays