MARKETS AND RURAL SERVICES AS DETERMINANTS OF IMPROVED SEEDS USAGE BY CROP FARMERS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

The use of improved inputs has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural growth in Nigeria. Farmers often revert to the markets for input procurements. This paper examines the role of markets and other rural services on the use of improved seeds by crop farmers. Data were collected from 270 farming households in Osun State of Nigeria using a Multistage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and the logistic model. The results obtained show that households\u2019 access to input market information and other rural services such as extension, and rural credit; as well as socio-economic characteristics of farmers significantly influence the probability of use of improved seeds. To this end, it was recommended that aggressive market infrastructural development and improvement in rural services delivery are critical to the improved seed policy of the government.L\u2019utilisation des intrants am\ue9lior\ue9s a \ue9t\ue9 associ\ue9e \ue0 une augmentation substantielle de la croissance agricole au Nigeria. Les fermiers font souvent recourt au march\ue9 pour s\u2019en procurer. Cet article examine l\u2019impact des march\ue9s et autres services ruraux sur l\u2019utilisation des semences am\ue9lior\ue9es par des fermiers. Deux cents soixante dix m\ue9nages \ue9taient s\ue9lectionn\ue9s dans l\u2019Etat d\u2019Osun au Nigeria par la technique d\u2019\ue9chantillonage \ue0 niveaux multiples. Les donn\ue9es collect\ue9es \ue9taient analys\ue9es par la statistique descriptive et le mod\ue8le logistique. Les r\ue9sultats obtenus montrent que l\u2019acc\ue8s des m\ue9nages \ue0 l\u2019information sur le march\ue9 des intrants et autres services ruraux tels que la vulgarisation, le cr\ue9dit rural ainsi que les caract\ue9ristiques socio\ue9conomiques qui influencent la probabilit\ue9 d\u2019utilisation des semences am\ue9lior\ue9es. A cet effet, un effort dans le d\ue9veloppement des infrastructures de march\ue9 et une am\ue9lioration des services agricoles sont recommend\ue9s eu \ue9gard \ue0 la politique gouvernementale sur les semences am\ue9lior\ue9es

Dependence of impurity binding energy on nitrogen and indium concentrations for shallow donors in a GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well under intense laser field

Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation, using a variational method, we have calculated the effect of intense laser radiation on the binding energy of the shallow-donor impurities in a Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y/GaAs single quantum well for different nitrogen and indium mole concentrations. Our numerical results show that the binding energy strongly depends on the laser intensity and frequency (via the laser dressing parameter) and it also depends on the nitrogen and indium concentrations. Impurity binding energy under intense laser fields can be tuned by changing the nitrogen and indium mole fraction