Pengaruh cahaya artifisial di malam hari (artificial light at night-ALAN) terhadap serangga

Insect populations have declined significantly over the last few decades. Anthropogenic factors such as deforestation, land-use change, climate change, and pesticides play a major role in insect population decline. In addition to those factors, insects also face challenges from air, noise, and light pollution derived from human activities. Light pollution in the form of artificial light at night (ALAN) is generally known to be one of the factors driving insect declines but it has rarely been studied in Indonesia. In this literature review, we collected empirical evidence from previous studies to provide a comprehensive report on the impact of ALAN on insects. Most studies demonstrate a decline in insect populations in areas with high ALAN intensity, such as urban areas. Furthermore, ALAN was reported to disrupt insect visual systems, which results in disturbances to predator avoidance and foraging movements. Until now, most work related to artificial light in Indonesia have focused on light as a method of controlling pests. Hence, studies related to artificial light as a pollutant are urgently needed to increase our understanding of the effects of ALAN on the survival of organisms, especially insects. Future research must seek suitable solutions to create environmentally and ecologically friendly conditions for various organisms, especially those susceptible to the negative effects of light, such as insects

Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs.

Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change1,2. However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground and belowground and across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes in energy fluxes across 'green' aboveground (canopy arthropods and birds) and 'brown' belowground (soil arthropods and earthworms) animal food webs in tropical rainforests and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most of the energy in rainforests is channelled to the belowground animal food web. Oil palm and rubber plantations had similar or, in the case of rubber agroforest, higher total animal energy fluxes compared to rainforest but the key energetic nodes were distinctly different: in rainforest more than 90% of the total animal energy flux was channelled by arthropods in soil and canopy, whereas in plantations more than 50% of the energy was allocated to annelids (earthworms). Land-use change led to a consistent decline in multitrophic energy flux aboveground, whereas belowground food webs responded with reduced energy flux to higher trophic levels, down to -90%, and with shifts from slow (fungal) to fast (bacterial) energy channels and from faeces production towards consumption of soil organic matter. This coincides with previously reported soil carbon stock depletion3. Here we show that well-documented animal biodiversity declines with tropical land-use change4-6 are associated with vast energetic and functional restructuring in food webs across aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments

Peningkatan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dengan Menerapkan Pendekatan Saintifik pada Tema Kerukunan dalam Bermasyarakat di Kelas Va Sdn Babatan V/460 Surabaya

Rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa yang merupakan  kompetensi yang harus dikembangkan untuk menghadapi masa depan menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini. Pelaksanaan penelitian pada kelas VA di SDN Babatan V/460 Surabaya ini bertujuan: mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik, mendeskripsikan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa melalui pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus dengan tahapan tiap siklus yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran dan lembar tes berpikir kreatif siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa dengan presentase 60,71% pada siklus I menjadi 78,57% pada siklus II, aktivitas guru juga mengalami peningkatan dari 73,75% pada siklus I menjadi 85,63% pada siklus II. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa meningkat dari 73,13% pada siklus I menjadi 83,13% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini  guru disarankan dapat menerapkan pendekatan saintifik untuk mengembangkan kompetensi lain yang dibutuhkan untuk masa depan. Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Saintifik, Berpikir kreatif  &nbsp

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA DENGAN MENERAPKAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA TEMA KERUKUNAN DALAM BERMASYARAKAT DI KELAS VA SDN BABATAN V/460 SURABAYA

Abstrak Rendahnya keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa yang merupakan  kompetensi yang harus dikembangkan untuk menghadapi masa depan menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini. Pelaksanaan penelitian pada kelas VA di SDN Babatan V/460 Surabaya ini bertujuan: mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik, mendeskripsikan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa melalui pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus dengan tahapan tiap siklus yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran dan lembar tes berpikir kreatif siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa dengan presentase 60,71% pada siklus I menjadi 78,57% pada siklus II, aktivitas guru juga mengalami peningkatan dari 73,75% pada siklus I menjadi 85,63% pada siklus II. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa meningkat dari 73,13% pada siklus I menjadi 83,13% pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini  guru disarankan dapat menerapkan pendekatan saintifik untuk mengembangkan kompetensi lain yang dibutuhkan untuk masa depan. Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Saintifik, Berpikir kreatif    Abstract The background of this research is based on therefore the students’ skill to think creatively is very low, the research would like to do this research. The subject of this research is fifth grade A class in SDN Babatan V/460 Surabaya. The purpose of the research are to describe the activities of teacher and student as long as study with scientific approach, to describe the creative thinking of student with scientific approach. This research use classroom action research. There are to cycles, that consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The instrument used in this study is the observation sheet activities of teachers and students for learning and creative thinking test sheet student. The result of the research showed that there are many increasing from students’ skill to think creativity. The percentage before using the approach is 60,71% in cycle I become 78,57% in cycle II. The teacher activities also increased from 73,75% on cycle I become 85,63% in cycle II. After that, the student from 73,13% in cycle I became 83,13% in cycle II. Based on the research, the teacher suggested to apply the scientific approach to develop their competency for future life. Key Word : Kata Kunci: Scientific Approach, Creative Thinking&nbsp

Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Kumbang Elaterid (Coleoptera: Elateridae) di Kawasan Hutan Hujan Tropis Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas dan Hutan Harapan, Jambi

Jambi province is one of the regions in Indonesia that has tropical rainforests with different landscape characteristics in each region. Tropical rainforests contain the highest biodiversity in the world and as a habitat for various types of flora and fauna, including elaterid beetles. Elaterid beetles have an important role as ecological bioindicators. The aim of this research was to study the diversity and species composition of elaterid beetle in two different landscape types. Insect sampling was carried out in Jambi Province on two tropical rainforest landscape, i.e. Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) and Harapan Rainforest. Elaterid beetles were collected by canopy fogging method in the morning. Each landscape consists of four core plots and each core plot consist of three as subplot, total subplots observed in both landscape were 24 subplots. A total of 2069 individuals of elaterid beetles were collected, belonging to 6 subfamilies, 23 genera, and 59 morphospecies. The abundance of elaterid beetles was higher in Harapan Rainforest, while species richness was higher in TNBD landscape. Species dominant in two landscape consist to subfamily Agrypninae, belonging to genera Adelocera with morphospecies Adelocera sp.01. The result of this research showed that landscape differences influencing the composition and abundance of elaterid beetles, but it does not influence in species richness of elaterid beetles

Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), project number 192626868–SFB 990 in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC990. We thank PT REKI for granting us access and use of their properties. A.M.P. acknowledges support of the DFG Emmy Noether programme (project no. 493345801) and of iDiv (DFG–FZT 118, 202548816). C.W. is grateful for support by the DFG Heisenberg programme (project no. 493487387). We thank B. Gauzens for advice on energy flux calculations and discussion about the index for carbon balance. We thank S. Meyer and contributors of PhyloPic.org for the animal and resource silhouettes used in Figs. 1 and 2.AbstractTerrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change1,2. However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground and belowground and across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes in energy fluxes across ‘green’ aboveground (canopy arthropods and birds) and ‘brown’ belowground (soil arthropods and earthworms) animal food webs in tropical rainforests and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most of the energy in rainforests is channelled to the belowground animal food web. Oil palm and rubber plantations had similar or, in the case of rubber agroforest, higher total animal energy fluxes compared to rainforest but the key energetic nodes were distinctly different: in rainforest more than 90% of the total animal energy flux was channelled by arthropods in soil and canopy, whereas in plantations more than 50% of the energy was allocated to annelids (earthworms). Land-use change led to a consistent decline in multitrophic energy flux aboveground, whereas belowground food webs responded with reduced energy flux to higher trophic levels, down to −90%, and with shifts from slow (fungal) to fast (bacterial) energy channels and from faeces production towards consumption of soil organic matter. This coincides with previously reported soil carbon stock depletion3. Here we show that well-documented animal biodiversity declines with tropical land-use change4–6 are associated with vast energetic and functional restructuring in food webs across aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments.</jats:p

Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), project number 192626868–SFB 990 in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC990. We thank PT REKI for granting us access and use of their properties. A.M.P. acknowledges support of the DFG Emmy Noether programme (project no. 493345801) and of iDiv (DFG–FZT 118, 202548816). C.W. is grateful for support by the DFG Heisenberg programme (project no. 493487387). We thank B. Gauzens for advice on energy flux calculations and discussion about the index for carbon balance. We thank S. Meyer and contributors of PhyloPic.org for the animal and resource silhouettes used in Figs. 1 and 2.Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change1, 2. However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground and belowground and across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes in energy fluxes across ‘green’ aboveground (canopy arthropods and birds) and ‘brown’ belowground (soil arthropods and earthworms) animal food webs in tropical rainforests and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most of the energy in rainforests is channelled to the belowground animal food web. Oil palm and rubber plantations had similar or, in the case of rubber agroforest, higher total animal energy fluxes compared to rainforest but the key energetic nodes were distinctly different: in rainforest more than 90% of the total animal energy flux was channelled by arthropods in soil and canopy, whereas in plantations more than 50% of the energy was allocated to annelids (earthworms). Land-use change led to a consistent decline in multitrophic energy flux aboveground, whereas belowground food webs responded with reduced energy flux to higher trophic levels, down to −90%, and with shifts from slow (fungal) to fast (bacterial) energy channels and from faeces production towards consumption of soil organic matter. This coincides with previously reported soil carbon stock depletion3. Here we show that well-documented animal biodiversity declines with tropical land-use change4–6 are associated with vast energetic and functional restructuring in food webs across aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments