PENERAPAN ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING DALAM SEKTOR PUBLIK

The purpose of this article is to elaborate the implementation of the accrual accounting system with rises concept of New Public Management (NPM). Cash-based accounting systems have been used by the public sector, but with the existence of NPM, some countries have begun to implement accrual accounting. For this reason, this article discusses the process of implementing an accrual accounting system in several countries along with the challenges and approaches used for the accrual accounting implementation process. A literature review is carried out to discuss the topic in accordance with the purpose of this article. As a result, the process of implementing accrual accounting in several countries requires good analysis, prudence in implementation, along with an internalization process. To be able to implement an accrual accounting system, public sector readiness is needed.  Keywords: Accrual Accounting, New Public Management, Public Sector Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengelaborasi penerapan sistem akuntansi akrual dengan adanya New Public Management (NPM). Sistem akuntansi berbasis kas telah digunakan oleh sektor publik, tapi dengan adanya NPM, beberapa negara mulai menerapkan akuntansi akrual. Untuk itu, artikel ini membahas proses penerapan sistem akuntansi akrual dibeberapa negara beserta tantangan dan pendekatan yang digunakan untuk proses implementasi akuntansi akrual tersebut. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan untuk membahas topik sesuai dengan tujuan dari artikel ini. Hasilnya, proses penerapan akuntansi akrual di beberapa negara membutuhkan analisa yang baik, kehati-hatian dalam implementasi, beserta proses internalisasi. Untuk dapat menerapkan sistem akuntansi akrual, kesiapan sektor publik dibutuhkan.  Kata kunci: Akuntansi Akrual, New Public Management, Public Secto

THE IMPACT OF A DISAGGREGATION STRATEGY WITH SUPPLEMENTARY DISPLAYS TOWARDS BALANCED SCORECARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Balanced Scorecard has become a popular management tool around the world. Despite its benefits, the balanced scorecard creates a bias called the common- measures bias. The bias associated with a balanced scorecard should be eliminated so that the optimal benefits of the balanced scorecard can be obtained. To eliminate the bias, a disaggregation strategy is suggested. This disaggregation strategy is found to be a mitigation strategy to solve the common-measures bias. However, there is a small amount of empirical evidence about the quality of the decisions produced by using a disaggregation strategy. Furthermore, to increase the decisions’ quality, an information display was found to be helpful. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a disaggregation strategy, in the context of a balanced scorecard, toward the decisions’ quality regarding the balanced scorecard’s performance evaluation with a different information display. This study used an experimental method with the design of 3x2x2 between the subject’s factorial designs. The results indicated that decision makers with supplementary tabular and graphic displays would exhibit a greater judgment consensus than decision makers who were given traditional separate displays. Moreover, those who received the supplementary table displays exhibit a greater judgment consensus and consistency than those who were given a graphical display. In conclusion, a disaggregation strategy with table and graphic displays could improve a judgment’s consensus, a traditional display can improve a judgment’s consistency, and a table display could exhibit greater judgmental consensus and consistency than a graphic display. This study contributed theoretically and practically

EARNINGS AND CASH FLOW IN PREDICTING FINANCIAL DISTRESS

This study aimed to test the effect of earnings and cash flow to predict the probability of financial distress. This study examines seven years of financial report investigate the prediction ability of earnings and cash flows to financial distress in a longer period. This study uses manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange as the sample.  Earnings before taxes and operating cash flow ratio data on the 2012-2017 is used to predict financial distress. This research used causal descriptive method and data were analyzed with logistic regression models with SPSS. The results of this study show that earnings have a significant influence in predicting financial distress that occurred in manufacturing sector companies. However, cash flow was not able to predict the financial distress. Keywords: Earnings, cash flow, financial distress Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh laba dan arus kas untuk memprediksi probabilitas terjadinya financial distress. Penelitian ini mengkaji laporan keuangan tujuh tahun dengan menyelidiki kemampuan prediksi laba dan arus kas terhadap financial distress dalam periode yang lebih lama. Penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebagai sampel. Data laba sebelum pajak dan rasio arus kas operasi tahun 2012-2017 digunakan untuk memprediksi financial distress. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kausal dan data dianalisis dengan model regresi logistik dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laba memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam memprediksi financial distress yang terjadi pada perusahaan sektor manufaktur. Namun, arus kas tidak mampu memprediksi kesulitan keuangan. Kata kunci: Laba, arus kas, financial distres

THE IMPACT OF DISAGREGATION STRATEGY WITH SUPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DISPLAY TOWARDS BALANCED SCORECARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

The bias associated with Balanced scorecard should be eliminated so that the benefits of Balanced scorecard could be obtained. In order to eliminate the bias associated with Balanced Scorecard, disaggregation strategy was suggested by Roberts et al. (2004). According to their study, this strategy can mitigate common measure bias which can obstruct the benefits of Balanced scorecard. This study extends and combines the previous study by Roberts et al (2004) and Dila & Steinbart (2005b). Moreover, this study examines the decision quality (consensus,  consistency, and task easiness) produced by using disaggregation strategy with various information display: table, graphic, and traditional comparison. This study uses experiment method with between subject design of 3x2x2. 192 participants were taken from Accounting Postgraduate program and Management Postgraduate program. The data from 152 participants are eligible for this study. As a result, disaggregation strategy with information display can improve consensus and consistency in evaluating performance. Furthermore, table display has a greater value of consensus  and consistency compare with graphic display

Ethical Dilemmas on Accountants

Abstract: Internal factors play an important role in decision making, especially under ethical dilemma conditions. Therefore, we examine the internal factors of individuals such as gender, age, and level of education in making decisions under ethical dilemma circumstances. This study uses a survey by Aluchna and Mikolajczyk and Eweje and Brunon to collect data. 86 undergraduate and 19 postgraduate students are the respondents for this study. Nonparametric chi-square tests are conducted to test the hypotheses. As a result, women are more ethical than men. Age does not affect the attitude when faced with ethical dilemmas. Moreover, there is no difference in perception between age and level of education toward ethical dilemmas. This study contributes for practical field. Human resource can consider which person to recruit to fit a job, and early ethical education should be done in order for the individual to reach the highest ethical stage

LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, DAN PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN KONSTRUKSI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh likuiditas dan solvabilitas terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan konstruksi pada tahun 2016-2018. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Lebih lanjut lagi, untuk menjawab masalah penelitian, regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda digunakan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa likuditas dan solvabilitas secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas yang diukur menggunakan Return on Equity.Akan tetapi, secara parsial, masing-masing variabel tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap profitabilitas. Implikasinya, perusahaan perlu untuk meningkatkan kinerja likuiditas dan profitabilitas agar dapat meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan sehingga dapat memaksimalkan kesejahteraan pemilik perusahaan. Kata kunci: Likuiditas, solvabilitas, profitabilita

Analisa Penerapan Metode Akuntansi, Kinerja Earnings per Share, dan Price Earnings Ratio

Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan metode akuntansi persediaan serta kinerja earnings-per-share dan price earning ratio. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2019. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 64 perusahaan manufaktur. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan menganalisa data mean, median, mode, standard deviation dari earning per share, dan price earning ratio untuk masing-masing metode persediaan. Sebagai hasil, 55 perusahaan dari total sampel menerapkan metode persediaan akuntansi average dan 9 perusahaan yang menerapkan metode persediaan akuntansi FIFO. Earnings per share pada perusahaan yang menggunakan metode FIFO menunjukkan trend kenaikan, sedangkan tren stabil ditemukan pada perusahaan yang menggunakan metode average. Lebih lanjut lagi, PER perusahaan yang menggunakan metode FIFO menunjukkan kenaikan dan penurunan sedangkan terdapat tren penurunan untuk perusahan yang menggunakan metode average. (Book Antiqua 11, reguler, spasi 1, spacing before 6 pt, after 6 pt) Kata Kunci: Earnings per share; metode persediaan; price earnings ratio Abstract This research is a descriptive study that aims to analyze the application of inventory accounting methods as well as the performance of earnings-per-share and price earning ratio. The object of this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2019 period. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample used in this study were 64 manufacturing companies. This study uses descriptive analysis by analyzing data on mean, median, mode, standard deviation, of earnings per share, and price earning ratio. As a result, 55 companies from the total sample applied the average accounting inventory method and 9 companies applied the FIFO accounting inventory method. Earnings per share in companies using the FIFO method show an upward trend, while stable trends are found in companies that use the average method. Furthermore, the PER of companies that use the FIFO method shows the mix of increase and decrease trend while there is a downward trend for companies that use the average method. Keywords: Earnings per share; inventory method; Price earnings rati