Adaptasi novel ke filem: kajian ke atas kekurangannya di Malaysia / Norhidayu Kasim

Kajian ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji masalah kekurangan filem adaptasi di Malaysia. Disebabkan itu, mungkin terdapat faktor ataupun masalah yang dihadapi oleh mereka yang mempunyai sumber teks seperti novel, dan cerpen tetapi tidak dapat dikembangkan dan digunakan untuk tujuan adaptasi. Seperti yang kita ketahui, filem adaptasi di Malaysia pada masa kini jarang sekali diterbitkan menjadi sebuah filem. Sekiranya ada jumlahnya adalah sedikit. Berbanding dengan negara luar, mereka dapat menghasilkan cerita yang diadaptasi dari sebuah novel menjadi sebuah filem yang baik dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Perlu dijelaskan di sini bahawa, kajian ini pada keseluruhannya berdasarkan kepada Adaptasi Novel ke Filem: Kajian Ke Atas Kekurangannya Di Malaysia. Kajian yang akan dilakukan berdasarkan kepada data yang diperolehi melalui senarai nama filem-filem adaptasi dari tahun 1950 hingga 2005. Pengkhususan akan diberikan untuk melihat jumlah filem adaptasi dari sumber teks iaitu novel dan mengkaji dari segi jurang di antara tahun filem-filem tersebut diterbitkan. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti kekurangan dan masalah adaptasi untuk diterbitkan menjadi sebuah filem. Di akhir kajian ini, pengkaji mendapati filem adaptasi di Malaysia memang menunjukkan jumlah yang sedikit iaitu dari tahun 1950 hingga 2005 hanya terdapat 9 buah filem adaptasi sahaja. Akhimya, semoga kajian ilmiah ini dapat memberi sumbangan ke arah perkembangan yang lebih positif dan menggalakkan kepada dunia perfileman di Malaysia

Rainfall-induced hydraulic properties for unsaturated soil in Klang valley

Klang Valley area is one of the most landslide-prone areas in Malaysia, especially at Hulu Kelang, Kuala Lumpur. The area has been frequently hit by landslide since 1990s. Soil instability is agreed by researchers occurred due to high precipitation and long duration of rainfall which cause property damage and leading to injury and fatality. Slope failure is also triggered by the antecedent rainfall leads to infiltration of rainwater into soil. Therefore, study of rainwater infiltration is vital to relates soil – water interaction and soil behaviour for varies of rainfall intensities and duration for unsaturated soil. The objective of this paper is to determine and compare soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) which is one of the soil hydraulic parameters for Klang Valley area. Samples were collected to determine the soil hydraulic properties at Hulu Kelang area, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) campuses. SWCC was obtained by pressure plate extractor apparatus experiment and the analysis was performed using Van Genuchten equation. Result of parameters obtained shows significant differences of soil at Hulu Kelang area compared to soils at UKM and UPNM campuses. This research is relevant to supports national slope master plan 2009-2023

Rainfall-induced landslide thresholds development by considering different rainfall parameters: a review

This paper reviews the development of landslide thresholds from the perspective of rainfall and climate patterns. For certain, geology, morphology, lithology, etc., contribute to the initiation of the mass movement. However, the role of rainfall as the triggering mechanism of the landslide is vital as well. It has been proven by many researchers from various studies worldwide that have proposed the rainfall thresholds by utilising different rainfall parameters. The outcome of their studies is interesting, since different regions have diversified patterns of rainfall that produce a variety of threshold models. Therefore, from various published papers on rainfall thresholds, this paper studied the variety of rainfall parameters that have been utilised in establishing the rainfall threshold for landslide prediction. Instead of providing a better understanding regarding the application, this review aimed to cultivate the folllowing study for deriving rigorous parameters for the purpose of sustainable findings

Correlation between slump, VeBe and compaction factor of concrete containing shredded PET bottles, manufactured sand (M-sand) and river sand as fine aggregate

This paper investigates the effects of the properties of fresh concrete incorporating shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles and Manufactured Sand (M-sand) together as fine aggregates replacement in concrete mixtures. The investigation to determine the correlation of the fresh properties of concrete were mainly experimental based and the experiments involved were Slump Test, VeBe Test and Compaction Factor Test. There were two different concrete batches were prepared, in which the first batch was partially replaced by Msand and the second batch was partially replaced by M-sand and shredded PET bottles as fine aggregate replacements. The proportion of M-sand content and M-sand with shredded PET bottles were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (for M-sand) and 1.5% proportion of shredded PET bottles respectively. The mix design was prepared in accordance to the Department of Environment (DOE) method and utilizes M30 as the Class of Concrete. A novel empirical relationship between slump, VeBe, and compaction factor for the shredded PET bottles and MSand based M30 concrete was proposed. The outcomes of this research has proven beneficial to the construction industries as the utilisation of waste and recycled materials has the potential for sustainable construction

Physical and mechanical evaluation of porous asphalt incorporated with untreated and treated waste cooking oil

The vast amount of waste cooking oil (WCO) has invited odds effects on the environment when disposed of improperly. Incorporating waste materials into asphalt mixture is common practice these days as it minimizes the amount of waste material as well as improves the performance of the mixture. WCO is known for its natural fluidity characteristics, wherein affecting good cracking performance at low temperature, yet indicate poor rutting resistance at high temperature. Plus, less strength in porous asphalt has worsened the rutting condition. Hence, pretreatment of WCO is suggested before the modification was done. In this study, WCO is being treated with chemical treatment of the transesterification process. Then, the modified binder of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% untreated and treated WCO were tested with physical testing of penetration and softening point temperature. Later, a similar percentage of untreated and treated WCO were incorporated into porous asphalt mixture to analyze the mechanical performance of Marshall Stability, Flow and Stiffness. The result of porous asphalt mixture with 10% treated WCO showed an improvement in Marshall Stability, Flow and Stiffness. It can be concluded, samples with treated WCO indicated remarkable performance in terms of physical and mechanical evaluation, owing to similar polarity which enhances good interaction bonding that strengthens the asphalt mixture

The potential utilization of ultra-high performance concrete for bridge construction in Malaysia

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is considered to be quite a new technology in Malaysia and it is still in the early stage of implementation as far as bridge design and construction in this country is concerned. Bridge Design Division, Public Works Department (PWD) has taken the initiative to study and to begin utilising UHPC in designing a 300 m long bridge crossing the Perak River between Kg. Seberang Manong (Kg Menglembu) to Kuala Kangsar, Perak. The purpose of using UHPC is to reduce the number of intermediate piers that need to be constructed within the river channel in order to minimize the impact of debris flow disaster. This will allow free flow of logs thus avoiding them from being trapped and could possibly damage the piers during flooding. The bridge has 5 spans with the longest span of 70 m in length that uses UHPC in its construction. In this bridge construction, it is quite impossible to use typical normal concrete commonly utilize in conventional concrete bridge project that normally limits the span length to only 40 m. This project is also a pilot project in PWD that uses Malaysia Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (MYCESMM), replacing the current Malaysian Standard Method for Measurement of Civil Engineering Construction. The MYCESMM covers a wider range of civil engineering works. This project is expected to contribute towards delivering cost effective civil engineering projects through the adoption of best practices in the preparation of the bills of quantities (BQ). The successful application and construction of this pilot project will have a great prospect in encouraging more projects to use UHPC and MYCESMM in the upcoming projects in Malaysi

Improvement of problematic soil using crumb rubber tyre

Construction on problematic soil that has low bearing capacity, low shear strength, high compressibility, and high water-content will interfere with the smooth construction process and will affect time and cost due to repetitive maintenance. Pavement built on problematic soil as its subgrade is exposed to pavement failures, such as fatigue cracking, longitudinal cracking, and pumping, owing to swelling or shrinkage due to moisture variation and differential settlement. Therefore, improvement of the ground needs to commence so as to improve its load bearing capacity, in order to sustain the load on top of it. Consequently, the main aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of crumb tyre rubber mixed with soil samples as one of the soil stabilisation techniques and to establish the optimum usage percentage of crumb tyre rubber as a stabiliser. Clayey sand soil was mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% of crumb tyre rubber by weight of the soil sample and was tested for physical properties, such as particle size distribution and plasticity index. In obtaining the changes in strength, mixed clayey sand-crumb tyre rubber samples were subjected to compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The results showed that the increment of crumb tyre rubber percentage as an additive, increased the CBR value and therefore enhanced the strength of the modified soil. However, the crumb tyre rubber stabiliser affected the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the modified samples by decreasing their values. The optimum percentage of crumb tyre rubber mixture was found to be 10% by weight at the end of this study. These findings indicate that the measured crumb tyre rubber is suitable for supporting the clayey sand soil for the subgrade of pavement construction

Slope inspection system: using image processed by machine learning algorithm to determine risk of slope failure

Malaysia is a tropical country that experiences rainy and hot weather throughout the year. The higher rainfall intensity leads to higher landslide occurrences in Malaysia. Landslides that occur nearby human settlements increase the risk and hazard to the public and properties that lead to significant economic losses. There are various methods in surveying the risk and hazard of landslide areas such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and global positioning system (GPS). Most of the past research uses the conventional method which requires an in-situ field survey, lab analysis, and an additional software package to determine the hazard level for a slope. The conventional method is inefficient and time-consuming. In this paper, the potential of a machine-learning algorithm to improve the conventional approach in detecting the hazard in a landslide is discussed. The algorithm assesses the level of risk based on trained supervised images identified by experts in the field. Using the trained network model, it was found that Convolution Neural Network (CNN) can perform better than Fully Connected Layer with reduced processing time for sampled images at an accuracy of 66% compared and 33% respectively. However, when the trained CNN is subjected to actual IIUM slope images of which all have been identified as low risk by local expert, the actual accuracy of the network reduced to 50%, of which the remaining are predicted as high risk. More training data could be added to the CNN to improve the current accuracy

Debris Flow Numerical Simulation Model Comparison with Field Events in Kuala Kubu Baru and Lentang, Malaysia

Debris flow is one of Malaysia's natural disasters which could cause casualties and serious infrastructure damage. Precisely predicting the factors associated with the occurrence of debris flow such as the run-out lengths, velocities and thickness of alluvial deposits can greatly mitigate damage, minimize or even avoid the aftermaths of the occurrence. Applying numerical simulation models explaining debris flow deposition would be a valuable tool in forecasting potential debris flow activity and providing criteria for designing protective measures. Comprehensive studies of available records of past debris flow events from relevant sources and site investigations have been carried out in order to assemble field information for the particular debris flow event in Malaysia. A number of calamitous debris flow events occurred in Malaysia have been closely observed and studied. The well-documented events, i.e. Lentang and Kuala Kubu Baru debris flow disasters occurred on 2nd November 2004 and 10th November 2003, respectively were simulated using the Kanako 2D (Ver.2.04) simulation model software. The results obtained from the numerical simulation model were compared with the real events in order to evaluate their predictive capabilities. The results showed an accuracy of more than 93% was obtained from the simulation model as compared to the real in-situ measurements. A positive simulation result will become a valuable method to predict potential debris flow hazard behavior of the same type and characteristics