Infrastructure coverage of the ural federal district regions: assessment metodology and diagnostic results

The article examines the infrastructure as one of the essential elements in the economic system. The authors consider the development stages of this concept in the scientific community and provide the opinions of a number of researchers as to the role and place of the infrastructure in the economic system. The article provides a brief genesis of approaches to describing the infrastructure and conferring its functions on individual branches. The authors emphasize the higher importance of infrastructure coverage with the economy transition to machine production. Two key methodological approaches are identified to describe the substance and content of the infrastructure: industrial and functional. The authors offer their methodology of assessing the infrastructure coverage of regional-level territories. The methodology is based on identifying a combination of specific indicators the values of which can be used to evaluate the development level of individual infrastructure elements. The indicative analysis being the basis of the methodological apparatus helps make a judgment of any phenomenon by comparing the current observed values with the previously adopted threshold levels. Such comparison makes it possible to classify the observations by the «norm—pre-crisis—crisis» scale. An essential advantage of this method is the possibility of standardizing the indicators, or, in other words, bringing them to one comparable conditional value. Thus, you can get estimates for individual blocks of indicators and a complex assessment for the whole set in general. The authors have identified four main infrastructure elements: transport, communications, public utility services and healthcare. The methodology includes 21 indicators all together. The test estimates based on the authors’ methodology revealed the defects in the development of the Ural regions` infrastructure. The article provides a brief analysis of the obtained data with identifying individual indicators and areas.The research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project № 14-18-00574)

Optimization problems for control of distributed resources

We consider a two-level optimization problem of resource allocation in communication networks, which is based on profit maximization of the network subject to capacity constraints. The cost function of the upper level problem involves a sum of non-differentiable functions whose values are computed algorithmically. The corresponding solution methods utilize duality theory and decomposition technique for optimization problems. © 2009 American Institute of Physics

Occurrence, distribution and alternative hosts of Wheat streak mosaic virus infecting ginger in Kaduna State, Nigeria

A field survey was conducted during the 2018 rainy season (June – October) in three major ginger producing Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State, Nigeria to determine the occurrence and spread of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infecting ginger. Symptomatic and asymptomatic ginger leaf samples (n=180) and weed samples (n=45) were collected from the surveyed fields and indexed against WSMV using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). The results obtained showed that WSMV occurred in all the LGAs surveyed but with significant (P = 0.05) variation in distribution. Jaba had the highest virus incidence (22.67\,\%) followed by Kagarko (17.67\,\%) while Kachia had the lowest virus incidence of 10.00\,\%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of WSMV infecting ginger in Nigeria. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton and Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth tested positive against WSMV as alternative weed hosts of the virus. The incidence of WSMV even at lower percentage is significant as population build-up could lead to a disease outbreak. Awareness programs need to be organised for farmers on yield loss potential of WSMV on ginger crop and the role of cultural practices on the incidence and management of the virus

Optimization based flow control in communication networks

In this paper, we consider several optimization flow control problems for wireless networks and propose the corresponding solution techniques. We treat the nodes of a wireless network as moving objects located in some bounded plane area. We focus on evaluating the network parameters which provide the opportunity for thorough analysis and elaborating effective procedures for network optimization

Dual decomposition scheme for resource allocation problem in networks with moving nodes

We consider a two-level, two criteria, optimization problem of resource allocation in communication networks, which consists of maximizing the total network utility, i.e., the fee paid by the consumers, and minimizing the costs of implementing these resources. In this paper we present a new dual iterative method for solving this problem, which enables us to utilize its decomposable structure via sequential solution of families of one-dimensional problems. We compare our new dual method to known methods for solving this problem. In general, we give a new promising approach in the paper to solve resource allocation problems in communication networks. Moreover, we suggest a new way to adjust the basic model to networks with moving nodes. We present numerical results about the computational efficiency of the methods considered. © 2012 IEEE

Optimization of wireless networks performance: An approach based on a partial penalty method

© 2017, North Atlantic University Union. All rights reserved.We study an optimization problem for a wireless telecommunication network stated as a generalized transportation problem (TP), where m (the number of “sellers”) is the number of network providers, and n (the number of “buyers”) is the number of connections established at a given time moment. Since in practice initial data of such problems are, generally speaking, inexact and/or vary rather quickly, it is more important to obtain an approximate solution of the problem (with a prescribed accuracy) within a reasonable time interval rather than to solve it precisely (but in a longer time). We propose to solve this problem by a technique that explores the idea of penalty functions, namely, the so-called Partial Penalty Method (PPM, for short). As distinct from exact solution methods for TP (e.g., the method of potentials), our approach allows us to further extend the class of considered problems by including to it TP with nonlinear objective functions. As an example, we consider a TP, where the objective function (expenses connected with resource allocation) is such that the price of the unit amount of the resource is not constant but depends on the total purchase size. In addition, we study the limit behavior of solutions to TP whose data are subject to fading disturbances. Since in our approach the initial point is not necessarily admissible, we use an approximate solution of each problem as the initial point for the next one. As expected, under certain requirements to disturbances the sequence of solutions to “disturbed” problems tends to a solution of the limit problem. We prove experimentally that PPM is more efficient than the usual variant of the Penalty Function Method (the Full Penalty Method, or FPM). The preference of PPM over FPM is more evident for n much greater than m

Infrastructure Coverage of the Ural Federal District Regions: Assessment Methodology and Diagnostics Results

The article examines the infrastructure as one of the essential elements in the economic system. The authors consider the development stages of this concept in the scientific community and provide the opinions of a number of researchers as to the role and place of the infrastructure in the economic system. The article provides a brief genesis of approaches to describing the infrastructure and conferring its functions on individual branches. The authors emphasize the higher importance of infrastructure coverage with the economy transition to machine production. Two key methodological approaches are identified to describe the substance and content of the infrastructure: industrial and functional.The authors offer their methodology of assessing the infrastructure coverage of regional-level territories. The methodology is based on identifying a combination of specific indicators the values of which can be used to evaluate the development level of individual infrastructure elements. The indicative analysis being the basis of the methodological apparatus helps make a judgment of any phenomenon by comparing the current observed values with the previously adopted threshold levels. Such comparison makes it possible to classify the observations by the «norm—pre-crisis—crisis» scale. An essential advantage of this method is the possibility of standardizing the indicators, or, in other words, bringing them to one comparable conditional value. Thus, you can get estimates for individual blocks of indicators and a complex assessment for the whole set in general. The authors have identified four main infrastructure elements: transport, communications, public utility services and healthcare. The methodology includes 21 indicators all together.The test estimates based on the authors’ methodology revealed the defects in the development of the Ural regions` infrastructure. The article provides a brief analysis of the obtained data with identifying individual indicators and areas

Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a diversidade genética de 47 acessos de uvas de mesa, procedentes do Banco de Germoplasma de Videira da Embrapa Semiárido, por meio de 20 marcadores moleculares RAPD e sete marcadores microsatélites. Distâncias genéticas entre pares de acessos foram obtidas com base no índice de similaridade de Jaccard para marcadores RAPD e no complemento aritmético do índice ponderado para dados de microsatélites. Os grupos foram formados de acordo com a análise de agrupamento de Tocher e com o método de agrupamento não ponderado (UPGMA). Os marcadores microsatélites foram mais eficientes do que os RAPD na identificação das relações de parentesco. As informações de distância genética, baseadas em características moleculares e aliadas ao desempenho agronômico das cultivares, permitiram a recomendação de parentais para cruzamentos, para a obtenção de híbridos superiores nas populações segregantes do programa de melhoramento de videira da Embrapa Semiárido.The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

Optimization problems for distribution of resources in spatial systems

We consider a problem of optimal allocation of a homogeneous resource in spatially distributed systems such as communication networks, where both utilities of consumers and network expenses must be taken into account. This approach leads to a two-objective optimization problem, which involves non-differentiable functions whose values are computed algorithmically. We propose several approaches to define a solution and to construct corresponding solution methods for such problems. In particular, new subgradient methods for non-differentiable Pareto optimization problems are suggested. Their work is illustrated by computational results on test problems

Vector resource allocation problems in communication networks

We consider a problem of optimal allocation of a homogeneous resource in spatially distributed systems such as communication networks, where both utilities of users and network expenses must be taken into account. The network is divided into zones which leads to a two-level vector optimization problem and involves non-differentiable functions whose values are computed algorithmically. We propose several approaches to find a solution. Also, new simple subgradient type methods for non-differentiable Pareto optimization problems are suggested. Their performance is illustrated by computational results on test problems. © 2013 IFIP