Arabic Medicine: Contributions and Influence

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Acquisition Behavior of Emerging Versus Developed Market Multinationals

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how emerging and developed market multinationals (EMMs and DMMs) differ in their acquisition behavior (vis-à-vis the choice of partial versus full acquisitions) when entering a developed market economy, Japan. We hypothesize that EMMs prefer partial acquisitions, whereas DMMs prefer full acquisitions due to what we call the country-of-origin effect. Additionally, we hypothesize that this country-of-origin effect is more pronounced for smaller firms. The results, based upon 224 strategic cross-border acquisitions in Japan, support these two hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature on EMMs

An Innovative Design of Substitution Box Using Trigonometric Transformation

As the number of hacking events and cyber threats keeps going up, it is getting harder and harder to communicate securely and keep personal information safe on the Internet. Cryptography is a very important way to deal with these problems because it can secure data by changing it from one form to another. In this study, we show a new, lightweight algorithm that is based on trigonometric ideas and offers a lot of security by making it less likely that cryptanalysis will work. The performance of our suggested algorithm is better than that of older methods like the Hill cipher, Blowfish, and DES. Even though traditional methods offer good security, they may have more work to do, which slows them down. The suggested algorithm tries to close this gap by offering a solution based on trigonometric ideas that are both fast and safe. The main goal of this study is to come up with a small but strong encryption algorithm that cannot be broken by cryptanalysis and keeps Internet communication safe. We want to speed up the coding process without making it less secure by using trigonometric principles. The suggested algorithm uses trigonometric functions and operations to create non-linearity and confusion, making it resistant to both differential and linear cryptanalysis. We show that the suggested algorithm is more secure and faster than traditional methods like the Hill cipher, Blowfish, and DES by doing a lot of research and testing. Combining trigonometric ideas with a simple design makes it workable for real world uses and offers a promising way to protect data on the Internet

Factors influencing intention to create new venture among young graduates

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that are influencing the young graduates for intention to create new venture. The study further highlights how the attraction, networking support, entrepreneurial capabilities, self-independence and self-reliance influence the young students to initiate their new businesses. The sample size of this study was 255 final semester students of various disciplines in different universities from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The survey based questionnaire was used for data collection. Based on findings this study concludes that all variables, included in the study, play a vital role in new venture creation. Therefore, on the basis of findings this study concludes that young students are more motivated towards new venture creation and start their own businesses.Influencing factors, new venture creation, different disciplines, young graduates, motivation

Chinese Cross-Border Acquisition Strategies in Japan – Changing from a Resource-Driven to a Market-Driven Approach

The aim of this research is the investigation of strategic behavior of Chinese investors in Japan when making cross-border acquisitions in recent times. While previous literature on acquisitions tended to show that Chinese acquirers were merely resource-driven, i.e. their main purpose was to acquire products, brands, and knowledge to be transferred back to the (Chinese) home market, our study suggests that the behavior of many Chinese firms has changed lately. In a pivotal study with 39 Chinese bidders taking over Japanese targets, we find that their strategy has become increasingly market-driven instead. As far as industry-wise acquisitions are concerned, Chinese firms are taking over Japanese hotels and recreation facilities in recent years for the purpose of providing services to Chinese tourists

Impact of Brand Loyalty on Brand Extension

The key objective of this study is to explore the effects of different dimensions of brand loyalty towards the original brand on the evaluation of brand extensions. This was a primary research and questionnaire was distributed among 200 respondents and 183 were processed for analysis. The target respondents were the students of different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The scale was taken from the existing research (Hem and Iversen, 2003). SPSS was used to analyze the data. The result finds that there is positive and significant relationship between brand loyalty and brand extension. So on the bases of these results that all the hypotheses (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5) are proved positively and significantly and affect the evaluation of brand extension. Keywords: Brand Loyalty, Brand Extension, original bran

Capture a atenção através de itens de marca em comerciais televisados

The aim of this research is to determine whether using brand elements prominently in televised commercials influences viewers’ attention level towards the advertisement. It also negates the theory curiosity driven cognition which entails that brand elements should be displayed at the very end of an advertisements. This study has considered various products and have taken advertisements that vary in length and production creativity. Brand elements were also compared in order to determine their individual impact on viewers’ attention by this study. This is a validation and extension of The Network Model of Memory in the context of displaying brand element prominently in televised commercials to capture viewers’ attention. This study follows a quantitative research method technique and gathered data by using an adopted structured questionnaire. Sample were carefully selected by using simple random technique and groups of different sizes were formed for experimentation. Sample were exposed to advertisements that varied in length and production creativity. Wilcoxon and Logit regression techniques were used to measure and test the models. Data from all groups that were used in experimentations were compared and the obtained results derived through statistical techniques provided support for the alternate hypotheses thus empirically supports the prominent display of brand elements from the start of the advertisement in order to capture viewers’ attention. Results and findings have been discussed and are presented accordingly. This study provides an insight to the policy makers as to how to make advertising more effective and reduce marketing expenditures. Further areas of research in this field is also suggested.El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si el uso de elementos de marca de manera prominente en los comerciales televisados influye en el nivel de atención de los espectadores hacia el anuncio. También niega la teoría, la curiosidad basada en la cognición que implica que los elementos de la marca deben mostrarse al final de una publicidad. Este estudio ha considerado varios productos y ha tomado anuncios que varían en longitud y creatividad de producción. Los elementos de marca también se compararon para determinar su impacto individual en la atención de los espectadores en este estudio. Esta es una validación y extensión del modelo de red de memoria en el contexto de mostrar un elemento de marca de manera prominente en los anuncios televisados para captar la atención de los espectadores. Este estudio sigue una técnica de método de investigación cuantitativa y recopila datos utilizando un cuestionario estructurado adoptado. La muestra se seleccionó cuidadosamente utilizando una técnica aleatoria simple y se formaron grupos de diferentes tamaños para la experimentación. La muestra fue expuesta a anuncios que variaban en longitud y creatividad de producción. Se utilizaron las técnicas de regresión de Wilcoxon y Logit para medir y probar los modelos. Los datos de todos los grupos que se utilizaron en las experimentaciones se compararon y los resultados obtenidos a través de técnicas estadísticas proporcionaron apoyo para las hipótesis alternativas, por lo que empíricamente apoya la exhibición prominente de elementos de marca desde el inicio del anuncio para captar la atención de los espectadores. Los resultados y los resultados se han discutido y se presentan en consecuencia. Este estudio proporciona una visión para los responsables de las políticas sobre cómo hacer que la publicidad sea más efectiva y reducir los gastos de marketing. También se sugieren otras áreas de investigación en este campo.O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar se o uso de elementos de marca de forma proeminente em comerciais televisionados influencia o nível de atenção dos espectadores em relação ao anúncio. Também nega a cognição orientada pela curiosidade da teoria, que implica que os elementos da marca devem ser exibidos no final de uma publicidade. Este estudo considerou vários produtos e publicou anúncios que variam em tamanho e criatividade de produção. Os elementos da marca também foram comparados para determinar seu impacto individual na atenção dos espectadores por este estudo. Esta é uma validação e extensão do The Network Model of Memory no contexto da exibição proeminente de elementos da marca em comerciais televisionados para captar a atenção dos espectadores. Este estudo segue uma técnica de método de pesquisa quantitativa e coletou dados utilizando um questionário estruturado adotado. Amostras foram cuidadosamente selecionadas usando técnica aleatória simples e grupos de diferentes tamanhos foram formados para experimentação. Amostra foram expostos a propagandas que variavam em tamanho e criatividade de produção. As técnicas de regressão de Wilcoxon e Logit foram usadas para medir e testar os modelos. Os dados de todos os grupos que foram usados em experimentações foram comparados e os resultados obtidos através de técnicas estatísticas forneceram suporte para as hipóteses alternativas, apoiando assim empiricamente a exibição proeminente de elementos de marca desde o início do anúncio, a fim de captar a atenção dos espectadores. Os resultados e descobertas foram discutidos e apresentados de acordo. Este estudo fornece uma visão para os formuladores de políticas sobre como tornar a publicidade mais eficaz e reduzir os gastos com marketing. Outras áreas de pesquisa neste campo também são sugeridas

Brain abscess caused by lactococcus lactis in a young male

Lactococcus lactis cremoris is one of the gram positive cocci, not known to be pathogenic in humans. We report a case of brain abscess due to lactococcus lactis in an adolescent. An 18-year male with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries and dextrocardia was admitted with fever, headache and right-sided numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well circumscribed irregular heterogeneous abnormal signal intensity lesion in left temporo-parietal lobe having central area of diffusion restriction and peripheral wall enhancement on post-contrast images. He underwent mini-craniotomy for abscess drainage. Pus culture revealed growth of lactococcus lactis. He was treated with ceftriaxone and remained disability-free on six month follow-up. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reports of brain abscess caused by lactococcus lactis. Key Words: Brain abscess, Lactococcus lactis, Adolescent