HORMONE AND RADIATION THERAPY IN HIGH- AND VERY HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER

The prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) is steadily growing every year. In the Russian Federation, its peak morbidity is in the age group of 70 years. Some patients refuse surgery or have contraindications because of comorbidity. Teleradiotherapy in combination with or without hormone therapy is an alternative treatment. The paper analyzes the authors’ results of treating high- and very high-risk patients with PC who received hormone and radiation therapy. The study retrospectively included the data of 132 patients who had been allocated to 3 groups according to the duration of adjuvant hormone therapy. The treatment results were assessed over a 5-year follow-up period according the following parameters: a lower decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score, recurrence rate, and 5-year relapse-free survival determined the by PSA level

Comparison of machine learning methods for analysis of ulcerative colitis proteomic data

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal system, affecting adults and children. Its cause is unknown, and the knowledge of reliable biomarkers is limited, especially for children. That makes the search for new biomarkers and pushing forth the analysis of the available data particularly challenging. We investigate proteomic data from children patients as a promising source, and tackle the problem implementing the recently developed parenclitic network approach to machine learning algorithms that solve classification task for proteomic data from healthy and diseased. We expect our approach to be applicable to other gastrointestinal diseases

РАДИКАЛЬНАЯ ЦИСТЭКТОМИЯ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕМЫШЕЧНО-ИНВАЗИВНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

The paper analyzes the data on 34 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who have undergone radical cystectomy (RCE). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the preoperative period: with delayed and early RCE. Heterotopic and orthotopic reservoirs were the methods of choice for urinary derivation. Five-year overall relapse-free survival was 68.9±12.6%. There were differences in the number of relapses in the delayed and early RCE groups. The timely established indications for RCE make it possible to prevent disease progression and to long maintain a good quality of life in the majority of patients with NMIBC.Приводится анализ данных 34 пациентов с немышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря (НМИРМП), которым выполнена радикальная цистэктомия (РЦЭ). Больные были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от дооперационного срока: с отсроченной и с ранней РЦЭ. Методами выбора деривации мочи являлись гетеротопический и ортотопический резервуары. Пятилетняя обобщенная безрецидивная выживаемость составила 68,9 ± 12,6 %. Различий по количеству рецидивов в группах отсроченной и ранней РЦЭ не выявлено. Своевременно установленные показания к РЦЭ позволяют у большинства пациентов с НМИРМП избежать прогрессирования заболевания и длительное время сохранять хорошее качество жизни

ФАКТОРЫ ПРОГНОЗА ПРИ РАКЕ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Prostate cancer is most common and its heterogenicity is presently apparent. There is a continuous search for the factors allowing the prediction of the poor course and biological difference of tumors. The College of American Pathologists classifies the currently known prognostic factors into 3 categories: 1) the factors whose prognostic importance and successful use have been proven in practice; 2) those that have been widely studied biologically and clinically, but the significance of which needs to be proven in extensive statistical studies; 3) all other factors that have been inadequately studied to demonstrate their prognostic value. Category 1 prognostic factors, such as prostate-specific antigen levels, TNM stage, Gleason grading, and the status of surgical margins, enjoy wide application. Category 2 factors are not used IN clinical practice so extensively. The value of some Category 3 factors (the biomarkers p53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, receptors of androgens) is indubitably and they claim to be widely applied in clinical practice with time. The clinical significance of molecular biological markers calls for further investigation.Рак предстательной железы широко распространен, и в настоящее время очевидной является гетерогенность этого заболевания. Постоянно идут поиски факторов, позволяющих предсказать неблагоприятное течение и биологическое различие опухолей. Коллегия американских патологов (College of American Pathologists) классифицировала известные в настоящее время прогностические факторы на 3 категории: I категория - факторы, прогностическая важность и успешное применение которых в практике доказаны; II - факторы, которые широко изучены биологически и клинически, но значимость которых требуется доказать в широких статистических исследованиях; III - все другие факторы, которые недостаточно изучены, чтобы продемонстрировать их прогностическую ценность. Широкое клиническое применение имеют прогностические факторы I категории, такие как уровень простатспецифического антигена, стадия TNM, градация Глисона и состояние хирургических краев. Факторы II категории не так широко используются в клинической практике. Ценность некоторых факторов III категории (биомаркеры р53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, рецепторы андрогенов) несомненна, и со временем они претендуют на широкое применение в клинической практике. Значение молекулярно-биологических маркеров для клиники требует дальнейшего изучения

Отдаленные результаты лечения рецидивов поверхностного рака мочевого пузыря вакциной БЦЖ «Имурон»

Intravesical immunotherapy with the BCG vaccine «Imuron» along with courses of maintenance therapy has been performed in 25 patients. During a more than 10-year follow-up, there are 20 (80%) survivors; of them 15 (75%) patients have no recurrences. The used treatment regimen is effective and allows a long monitoring of the disease with the good quality of life. The occurrence of recurrences in 5 (25%) patients in the late period of the follow-up (after 8-13.5 years) leads to the conclusion that patients should be long followed up by an oncourologist and undergo cytoscopic studies with photodynamic diagnosis.

ГОРМОНАЛЬНОЕ И ЛУЧЕВОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ С ВЫСОКИМ И ОЧЕНЬ ВЫСОКИМ РИСКОМ

The prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) is steadily growing every year. In the Russian Federation, its peak morbidity is in the age group of 70 years. Some patients refuse surgery or have contraindications because of comorbidity. Teleradiotherapy in combination with or without hormone therapy is an alternative treatment. The paper analyzes the authors’ results of treating high- and very high-risk patients with PC who received hormone and radiation therapy. The study retrospectively included the data of 132 patients who had been allocated to 3 groups according to the duration of adjuvant hormone therapy. The treatment results were assessed over a 5-year follow-up period according the following parameters: a lower decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score, recurrence rate, and 5-year relapse-free survival determined the by PSA level.Распространенность рака предстательной железы (РПЖ) неуклонно растет с каждым годом. В Российской Федерации пик заболеваемости приходится на возрастную категорию 70 лет. Часть больных отказываются от хирургического лечения или имеют противопоказания в связи с сопутствующей патологией. Альтернативным методом лечения является дистанционная лучевая терапия в сочетании с гормонотерапией или без нее. В статье проанализированы собственные результаты лечения больных РПЖ с высоким и очень высоким риском, которым проводилась гормонолучевая терапия. Ретроспективно в работу включены данные 132 пациентов, которые были распределены на 3 группы в зависимости от длительности гормональной терапии в адъювантном режиме. Результаты лечения оценивались за 5-летний период наблюдения по следующим показателям: снижение ПСА, частота рецидивов, 5-летняя безрецидивная выживаемость, определяемая по показателю ПСА

Ductal prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) preserves its leading position among male tumors. Ductal carcinoma is the second common type of prostate adenocarcinoma. The paper describes different types of ductal carcinoma, which have their morphological pattern. Ductal adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare morphological type of prostate adenocarcinoma traditionally regarded as a more aggressive type of PC, which is represented by the common forms with high Gleason scores (9, 10) and no well-defined treatment regimen. This paper describes 3 cases of ductal PC diagnosed at our center

PROGRAM MODULE FOR EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE HEART IN CHILDREN OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

The developed software module is designed to assess the structural and functional param-eters of the heart in children of the first year of life and automatically correlate the values measured during echocardiography with the normal criteria

The problems of genetic support of dividing the black kite (Milvus migrans) into subspecies

The black kite Milvus migrans is a common bird of prey demonstrating remarkable ecological plasticity. It inhabits a variety of habitats and is an increasingly synanthropic species. The black kite is widespread in Eurasia, Africa, Australia and adjacent islands. Palearctic kites migrate to Africa, India and China in winter, but kites of Africa and Australia are partly sedentary and partly seasonal migrants. The wide range and high mobility are the reasons of a complex population structure of the black kite. Commonly five to seven M. migrans subspecies are distinguished, each of which is widespread over extensive areas and has more or less an apparent phenotype. Recently, studies of genetic differences between black kite populations started to emerge. On the grounds of earlier studies of mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species, we check whether there is a genetic support for separation of the black kite subspecies. Recent studies of some mitochondrial loci substantiate the recognition of at least the European (M. m. migrans), Asian (M. m. lineatus and M. m. govinda), African (M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus), and Australian (M. m. affinis) black kite subspecies. Furthermore, the mitochondrial haplotype difference suggests that the African yellow-billed kite, including M. m. aegyptius and M. m. parasitus, should be a separate species as already proposed, or even two separate species