g-C3N4-Based Nanomaterials for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalysis

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising material for photocatalytic applications such as solar fuels production through CO2 reduction and water splitting, and environmental remediation through the degradation of organic pollutants. This promise reflects the advantageous photophysical properties of g-C3N4 nanostructures, notably high surface area, quantum efficiency, interfacial charge separation and transport, and ease of modification through either composite formation or the incorporation of desirable surface functionalities. Here, we review recent progress in the synthesis and photocatalytic applications of diverse g-C3N4 nanostructured materials, and highlight the physical basis underpinning their performance for each application. Potential new architectures, such as hierarchical or composite g-C3N4 nanostructures, that may offer further performance enhancements in solar energy harvesting and conversion are also outlined

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC POTENTIAL OF CROMOLYN IN 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE INDUCED HAMSTER BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOGENESIS

Objectives: Cromolyn, a potent and safe anti-inflammatory drug, is used as a safe medication for the prophylactic treatment of asthma. The present study explores its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic potential of cromolyn by analysing the expression pattern of inflammatory (NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 and IL-10) and angiogenic (VEGF) in 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.Methods: Topical application of 0.5% DMBA (three times a week) in the buccal pouches of hamsters resulted in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma after 14 w*.Results: While tumor formation was observed in all the hamsters treated with DMBA alone, we noticed only precancerous lesions such as hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, and mild dysplasia in DMBA+cromolyn treated hamsters. Furthermore, cromolyn prevented the dysregulation induced by DMBA on the expression pattern of inflammatory and angiogenic markers.Conclusion: The present study thus concludes that the tumor preventive potential of cromolyn relies on its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic potential in 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.Â

DESIGN OF LOW POWER PULSE TRIGGERED FLIP FLOP USING CONDITIONAL PULSE- ENHANCEMENT SCHEME

Volume 2 Issue 1 (January 2014

Fenton-like degradation of Bisphenol A catalyzed by mesoporous Cu/TUD-1

A family of copper oxide catalysts with loadings spanning 1–5 wt% were dispersed on a three dimensional, mesoporous TUD-1 silica through a hydrothermal, surfactant-free route employing tetraethylene glycol as a structure-directing agent. Their bulk and surface properties were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, DRUVS, EPR, TEM and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the expected mesoporous wormhole/foam support morphology and presence of well-dispersed CuO nanoparticles (∼5–20 nm). The catalytic performance of Cu/TUD-1 was evaluated as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for Bisphenol A (BPA) oxidative degradation in the presence of H2O2 as a function of [H2O2], and CuO loading. Up to 90.4% of 100 ppm BPA removal was achieved over 2.5 wt% Cu/TUD-1 within 180 min, with negligible Cu leaching into the treated water

Identifying low birth weight babies using calf circumference among neonates in a semi-urban area

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) still persists as a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. There is a constant search to find newer methods to detect LBW babies so that early interventions can be taken. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the critical limit and to assess the reliability of calf circumference (CaC) measurement in detecting LBW babies. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between April 2018 and September 2018. In this study, a total of 185 newborns were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements (Calf Circumference [CaC], birth weight, head circumference, crown-rump length, chest circumference, and thigh circumference) were taken as per standard guidelines. Collected data were analyzed for determining the mean, standard deviation, critical limit, receiver operating characteristic curve, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis of the anthropometric measurements at birth in relation to birth weight. Results: The mean CaC of LBW babies was 9.16±0.11 cm and in normal weight babies, it was 10.86±0.09 cm. The mean values of CaC were significantly lower in LBW babies (p<0.0001). The mean cutoff value of CaC of LBW babies is found to be 9.90 cm, with a sensitivity of 85.6% and specificity of 82.2%. Conclusions: In our study, measuring CC is found to be a good methodin identifying LBW neonates. Hence, measuring CaC can be used as an alternative method to identify LBW babies in remote areas

Predicting pathological jaundice in term babies with ABO setting using cord blood bilirubin

Background: Cord blood bilirubin analysis helps not only in predicting the pathological jaundice in ABO incompatibility but is also useful for early referral and intervention for better outcome. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the best cut off value of cord blood bilirubin for predicting pathological hyperbilirubinemia in newborns with ABO setting. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics at a Medical College during February 2018–July 2018. In this study, healthy term babies with blood Group A, B, and AB born to O positive mothers with birth weight >2.5 kgs and gestational age >37 weeks were included in the study. Cord blood bilirubin and the 4th day (>72 h of life) serum bilirubin value were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity and specificity were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 70 babies were studied; of which, 45 babies developed physiological jaundice and 25 developed pathological jaundice. The mean cord blood bilirubin value of newborns with physiological jaundice was 2.2 mg/dl, while the value among pathological jaundice was 2.6 mg/dl. Taking cord blood bilirubin value of 2.25 mg/dl as cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting pathological jaundice was 84% and 71.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Babies with cord bilirubin >2.25 mg/dl are more prone to pathological hyperbilirubinemia.&nbsp

A study on controllability for Hilfer fractional differential equations with impulsive delay conditions

This article focuses on the controllability of a Hilfer fractional impulsive differential equation with indefinite delay. We analyze our major outcomes using fractional calculus, the measure of non-compactness and a fixed-point approach. Finally, an example is provided to show the theory