A Compact 1:4 Lossless T-Junction Power Divider Using Open Complementary Split Ring Resonator

This paper presents the size miniaturized and harmonic suppressed lossless 1:4 T-junction unequal power divider using an open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR). By embedding the OCSRR structure in the microstrip transmission line, slow wave effect is introduced and thereby size reduction is achieved. The dimensions of OCSRR are optimized to reduce the length of high impedance and low impedance quarter-wavelength transmission lines. In our design high impedance line length is reduced to 58.6%, and low impedance line length is reduced to 12% when compared to the conventional quarter wavelength lines. The proposed power divider is having small dimensions of 0.18 λg × 0.33 λg and is 51.94% smaller than the conventional unequal power divider

E-Commerce Impacts on Logistics Chain: Customers Perspective

Mobility is an indicator of development across business region. In a country like india, the role of transport is vital. It helps to maintain stable growth of economy. E-commerce is the future trend of business style. It brings many benefits individuals, business and communities. The optimized transportation techniques improves the strong economy, reduced expenditure and cost of the product, safety, moving load, accuracy in delivery, reduced traffic density and less energy intensive to link the channel members. This paper emphasizes the actions required for improving quality of service. The objective of the paper is to define the role of transportation in logistics for the reference of impacts of e-commerce further improvement. The research was supported to logistics managers to comprehend the collective views of logistics and its applications

Studies on clustering of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes based on genetic distance

Mahalanobis' D2 statistics was used to analyse forty-five chilli (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes based on eighteen characters in order to pick out supreme potential parents for hybridization. Based on D2 values, the genotypes were divided into eleven groups with extreme divergence. Cluster I had the majority of genotypes (sixteen), whereas the fewest genotypes were identified in clusters VII, VIII, X and XI (one). Cluster XI had the greatest distance within the cluster. Clusters V and XI had the maximum generalized distance between them, followed by clusters VII and XI, clusters IV and VII, clusters IV and V and clusters II and XI. This suggests that the genotypes in these groups had more genetic variation. Following cluster VII and VIII, cluster V showed the highest cluster mean for green, dry fruit yield (846g and 95.50g) and several yield-related features. At clusters I, II and VI, no observation for high cluster means but had fair trait performance. It may be suggested to directly advance the genotypes from clusters V, VII, VII in hybridization to obtain unique recombinants

Ultrafast switching time and third order nonlinear coefficients of microwave treated single walled carbon nanotube suspensions

Microwave treated water soluble and amide functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes have been investigated using femtosecond degenerate pump-probe and nonlinear transmission experiments. The time resolved differential transmission using 75 femtosecond pulse with the central wavelength of 790 nm shows a bi-exponential ultrafast photo-bleaching with time constants of of 160 fs (130 fs) and 920 fs (300 fs) for water soluble (amide functionalized) nanotubes. Open and closed aperture z-scans show saturation absorption and positive (negative) nonlinear refraction for water soluble (amide functionalized) nanotubes. Two photon absorption coefficient,beata ~250 cm/GW (650 cm/GW) and nonlinear index, gamma ~ 15 cm^2/pW (-30 cm^2/pW) are obtained from the theoretical fit in the saturation limit to the data for two types of nanotubes.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Wound healing activity of the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) on ex-vivo porcine skin wound healing model

ABSTRACT Objective: To prescreen the ex- vivo wound healing activity of flavonoid rich fraction of ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Family Moraceae using porcine skin wound healing model (PSWHM) along with  phytochemical, XRF, HPTLC analysis. The aim of this present study is to provide pharmacological validation to the traditional claim for wound healing activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves. Method: Total phenolic content by UV spectral methods and ursolic acid content by HPTLC, trace elements by X-ray fluorescence were determined.  The wound healing effect of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A.heterophyllus (EAAH) was evaluated using ex- vivo porcine skin wound healing model - a novel organ culture model system for evaluation of drugs in cell-cell junction in the wound healing process. Results: Total phenolic content by UV method, HPTLC determination of ursolic acid content of EAAH was found to be 376.5mg/g GAE, 134mg/g respectively. XRF study showed the presence of calcium (39.4%), potassium (29.6%), magnesium (2.06%), Iron (0.99%), sulphur (1.83%), zinc (0.083%), strontium (0.23%), manganese (0.13%) and aluminium (0.005%).   Histopathological evaluation showed all treated wounds were sound with no signs of apoptosis, necrosis or bacterial contamination and no toxicity of the tested concentrations of EAAH of the leaves. Morphology of the wound margins, epidermis and dermis layer were found to be normal. Epidermal migration or keratinocyte migration distances from the edges of each wound were measured, normalized with the PBS control group and expressed as mean%. The result clearly showed EAAH (1.5%) promoted statistically significant wound healing effect is comparable to the standard drug Mupirocin. Conclusion: This study indicates that the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of A.heterophyllus possesses potential wound healing activity on ex-vivo porcine skin wound healing model. Wound healing activity of EAAH (leaves) may be due to its phenolic content (flavonoids), triterpenoids constituents especially ursolic acid. Both of them known to have astringent property which is responsible for wound contraction and increased rate of epithelialisation along with the supportive anti-microbial activity. More over trace elements like Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) supports wound healing property as essential trace mineral are required for cellular growth and replication. This present investigation provides scientific evidence to ethnomedical use of A.heterophyllus leaves in wound healing activity. Our study showed significant enhancement of wound repair and therefore can be beneficially, safely used as auxiliary therapy in diabetic patient with foot ulcers in addition to the other available treatment as the leaves possesses scientifically validated traditional use in diabete

Pharmacognostical, SEM and XRF profile of the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) A contribution to combat the NTD

Objective: To study in detail the micromorphology including Scanning Electron Microscopy and phyto, physicochemical analysis along with determination of trace elements by X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer of the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus family-Moraceae which possesses various bioactive components and many traditional and pharmacologically validated uses in the treatment of many diseases including NTD. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy including SEM, physicochemical analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, XRF and other WHO recommended parameters for standardizations were performed. Results: Leaves are Obovate elliptic – elliptic, alternate 5-25cm, Width 4-12 cm broad. Dark green with entire margin, cuspidate apex and symmetrical base with ridge and furrowed petiole. Microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of anomocytic stomata in lower epidermis and apostomatic upper epidermis, unicellular trichomes which are arised from thick walled circular, lignified ring of ten radially elongated epidermal rosette cells, xylem vessels, phloem, fibres. SEM of midrib showed many folded appearance.No diagnostic feature and new kind of microcostituents not previously recognized and apparently simple structure which may be extremly complex was observed.         Identification of inorganic minerals of the leaves of A.heterophyllus by XRF showed the presence of minerals Calcium (39.4%), Potassium (29.6%), Magnesium (2.06%), Manganese (0.13%), chlorine (2%), Iron (0.99%). Vein islet numbers, vein termination numbers, stomatal number, stomatal index and other physico chemical tests like ash values, loss on drying, extractive values were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols, tannins, proteins and aminoacids, flavonoids, terpenoids, mucilage, saponin, carbohydrates and absence of alkaloids, fixed and volatile oil. Conclusion: The microscopic using histological identification, microscopic constants and other phyto, physico chemical examinations of the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. can be used as a rapid, inexpensive botanical identification technique and is useful in standardization, hence would be of immense value in authentication of the leaf as it proved to have wide panel of pharmacological and ethno medical use including prevention and treatment of NT

Fourier self deconvolution and principle components analysis of spirulina based food products in quality assessment

Biochemical constituent’s change in the spirulina based substance items have been studied utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra demonstrate the changes in band area, and intensity which have been used to find both qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein in the given sample. The quantitative changes in biochemical composition have been studied by measuring the intensity ratio of the chosen band I2924/I2853, I2925/I1615, I1545/I1657 and I2960/I2873. The lipid/protein ratio (I2925/I1615) increments from the chosen commercial samples examined recommending spirulina have regular antioxidative agents. The band area ratio of the methyl, methylene group (υsCH3/υasCH2+υsCH2) has been computed for a change in fatty acids compositions. Fourier self deconvolution has been utilized to study the biochemical composition changes in commercial samples. The increases in the secondary structure of proteins such as α helix, β turn and β sheet have been seen among the sample. Further the changes in the band area of glycogen, lactic acid have been seen in the spectra after deconvolution. The utilization of principle components analysis (PCA) helps us to find a distinct variation in the sample. PCA demonstrates the prominent band appeared to be highly influenced is amide I and glucose. It has been found that FTIR with PCA can be utilized as a part of subjective and quantitative examination of spirulina based food products

Sustainable Utilization of Marble Dust and Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Substitute for Fine Aggregate in Concrete

A sustainable method for partially substituting fine aggregate in concrete with marble dust and rice husk ash is described. This approach focuses on the utilization of these materials to minimize environmental impact while maintaining the integrity of the concrete structure. In this study, the fine aggregate was partially substituted with marble dust and rice husk ash. Additionally, sisal fiber was incorporated as secondary reinforcement for concrete at percentages of cement by weight. Concrete has good compressive strength but is weak in tension and bending. Thus, sisal fibers were added to enhance the mechanical properties. Sisal fibers were included at 0.1% and 0.2% of cement weight for varying percentages of mineral admixture substitution. 30% of cement was replaced with mineral admixtures, with replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% of marble dust and rice husk ash. The slump cone and compaction factor tests were performed on fresh concrete mixes to determine workability. Standard cubes, cylinders, and prisms were cast to evaluate the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of the hardened concrete. The results show that the replacement of cement with marble dust and rice husk ash with sisal fiber as an additional reinforcing material shows considerable improvement in tensile and flexural strength. The material properties and test results are presented graphically