Experimental investigation on split type window Air conditioner using HFC and HC mixture as ecofriendly refrigerant alternate to HCFC-22

This paper reports on an experimental study evaluating a window air conditioner's performance when R152a/R290/R600/R600a refrigerant mixture (by various mass percentages) is used as a possible alternative to R-22. Alternative refrigerants are local, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Unmodified R-22 window AC was charged with R152a/R290/R600/R600a. During the experiment, parameters such as coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect, pressure ratio, compressor discharge temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and compressor power are analyzed. The present work shows that R152a-15%/R290-15%/R600-35%/R600a-35% is the best-performing alternative refrigerant. Proposed blends and R22's performance were compared

The Genetic Landscape of Dural Marginal Zone Lymphomas

The dura is a rare site of involvement by marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and the biology of dural MZL is not well understood. We performed genome-wide DNA copy number and targeted mutational analysis of 14 dural MZL to determine the genetic landscape of this entity. Monoallelic and biallelic inactivation of TNFAIP3 by mutation (n=5) or loss (n=1) was observed in 6/9 (67%) dural MZL exhibiting plasmacytic differentiation, including 3 IgG4+ cases. In contrast, activating NOTCH2 mutations were detected in 4/5 (80%) dural MZL displaying variable monocytoid morphology. Inactivating TBL1XR1 mutations were identified in all NOTCH2 mutated cases. Recurrent mutations in KLHL6 (n=2) and MLL2 (n=2) were also detected. Gains at 6p25.3 (n=2) and losses at 1p36.32 (n=3) were common chromosomal imbalances, with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of these loci observed in a subset of cases. Translocations involving the IGH or MALT1 genes were not identified. Our results indicate genetic similarities between dural MZL and other MZL subtypes. However, recurrent and mutually exclusive genetic alterations of TNFAIP3 and NOTCH2 appear to be associated with distinct disease phenotypes in dural MZL

The genetic landscape of dural marginal zone lymphomas

The dura is a rare site of involvement by marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and the biology of dural MZL is not well understood. We performed genome-wide DNA copy number and targeted mutational analysis of 14 dural MZL to determine the genetic landscape of this entity. Monoallelic and biallelic inactivation of TNFAIP3 by mutation (n=5) or loss (n=1) was observed in 6/9 (67%) dural MZL exhibiting plasmacytic differentiation, including 3 IgG4+ cases. In contrast, activating NOTCH2 mutations were detected in 4/5 (80%) dural MZL displaying variable monocytoid morphology. Inactivating TBL1XR1 mutations were identified in all NOTCH2 mutated cases. Recurrent mutations in KLHL6 (n=2) and MLL2 (n=2) were also detected. Gains at 6p25.3 (n=2) and losses at 1p36.32 (n=3) were common chromosomal imbalances, with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of these loci observed in a subset of cases. Translocations involving the IGH or MALT1 genes were not identified. Our results indicate genetic similarities between dural MZL and other MZL subtypes. However, recurrent and mutually exclusive genetic alterations of TNFAIP3 and NOTCH2 appear to be associated with distinct disease phenotypes in dural MZL

Opto-Geometric Modelling of Complex Urban Landscapes

The injection of renewable energy into the grid requires meticulous planning and execution due to the unpredictable nature of weather and in-turn the energy generated by these sources. Moreover, the inclusion of grid-independent energy generators requires accurate tools to predict energy yield in order to simplify matters such as grid-congestion management. One such tool useful to compute solar energy yield, which is under development, is the PVMD toolbox from the PhotoVoltaic Devices and Materials research group within the Delft University of Technology. This toolbox, which is completely based on MATLAB , allows users to specify parameters ranging from the micro-scale (such as the chemistry and characteristics of a single cell) to the macro-scale (such as the electrical parameters of the whole system).However, in its present version, the toolbox can simulate the yield only forsimple systems, such as a single PV panel without any obstructions present nearby.This makes it incompatible to solve complex problems such as models with solar panels installed in the built environment.Therefore, the primary focus of this thesis is on the optical side of the PV simulation, by enabling the toolbox to precisely compute reflected component of irradiance and include shading effects on modules from nearby objects in the scene. This functionality will help consider the presence of features such as dormers, chimneys and highly reflective surfaces present in urban environments which contribute to solar power output. To achieve this, attention was paid towards the formats and sources of geometric data (3D objects in particular) which could be used as an input in the toolbox. Once the data format was selected, the 3D object is parsed into a MATLAB readable format and refined in order to preserve geometric information.Afterwards, the scene was completed by enumerating the geometric data ofthe solar cells and placing them beside the object or on an external surface of the object. Optical properties were then obtained in the form of spectral reflectance data from NASA’ ECOSTRESS Library and converted into the appropriate format to assign these material properties to the geometries. This Opto-geometric data is then parsed back into a file which can be read by RADIANCE, a visual rendering software capable of backward ray-tracing. This ray-tracing technique is used to obtain the irradiance available for each solar cell at a given time instant.The developed workflow is validated by comparing it with real data stored at the PV Monitoring Station within the TU Delft Campus. For the given data-set, the mean percentage error is computed to be 1.89% , with a standard deviation of 12.49%. This proves that the proposed workflow is suitable to visualise shading performance and the effect of reflected irradiance. This model can be further improved by considering parameters such as spectrally responsive albedo and inclusion of other geometry formats. The outputs from this project can also be used as inputs to compute the spectral absorptance of different layers within a solar cell, such as tandem solar cells or develop sensitivity maps for different modules present in the scene.PVMD ToolboxElectrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technolog

Paediatric marginal zone lymphoma and hyperplasia

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) are low-grade B-cell lymphomas arising from post-germinal memory B-cells occurring in adults with a slight female predilection. They are sub-categorized into nodal (NMZL), extra-nodal/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and splenic (SMZL). MALT lymphomas are the most common (70%) followed by SMZL (20%) and NMZL (10%). Histologic transformation into aggressive B-cell lymphoma can rarely occur. MZL is extremely uncommon in the paediatric population and unlike in adults, is predominantly nodal. Paediatric NMZL (pNMZL) is an indolent, low-grade lymphoma with unique clinical and morphologic features. In contrast paediatric MALT lymphoma and SMZL are extremely uncommon and resemble their adult counterparts. Paediatric marginal zone lymphomas must be differentiated from paediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PFL) and marginal zone hyperplasia (MZH) of lymph nodes and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, morphology, genetic features of paediatric MZL and marginal zone hyperplasia. Recognition of these entities is important to avoid unnecessary therapy

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas of the T Follicular Helper Type: Clinical, Pathological, and Genetic Attributes

Follicular helper T-cell (TFH) lymphomas comprise a unique group of T-cell lymphomas that represent neoplastic proliferations of follicular helper T-cells and share genetic, immunophenotypic, morphologic, and clinical features. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the prototypical TFH lymphoma; in addition, the 2017 revised World Health Organization (WHO) 4th edition recognizes two other unique subtypes: follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) and nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with the T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH). This review discusses the morphologic spectrum, immunophenotype, diagnostic mimics/pitfalls, and unique genetic attributes of this category of T-cell lymphomas

Experimental investigation on split type window Air conditioner using HFC and HC mixture as ecofriendly refrigerant alternate to HCFC-22

This paper reports on an experimental study evaluating a window air conditioner's performance when R152a/R290/R600/R600a refrigerant mixture (by various mass percentages) is used as a possible alternative to R-22. Alternative refrigerants are local, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Unmodified R-22 window AC was charged with R152a/R290/R600/R600a. During the experiment, parameters such as coefficient of performance, refrigeration effect, pressure ratio, compressor discharge temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and compressor power are analyzed. The present work shows that R152a-15%/R290-15%/R600-35%/R600a-35% is the best-performing alternative refrigerant. Proposed blends and R22's performance were compared

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas of the T Follicular Helper Type: Clinical, Pathological, and Genetic Attributes

Follicular helper T-cell (TFH) lymphomas comprise a unique group of T-cell lymphomas that represent neoplastic proliferations of follicular helper T-cells and share genetic, immunophenotypic, morphologic, and clinical features. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the prototypical TFH lymphoma; in addition, the 2017 revised World Health Organization (WHO) 4th edition recognizes two other unique subtypes: follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) and nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with the T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH). This review discusses the morphologic spectrum, immunophenotype, diagnostic mimics/pitfalls, and unique genetic attributes of this category of T-cell lymphomas

Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Functionalized Mesoionic Carbene Complexes of Palladium: Comparison of Donor Properties and Catalytic Activity toward Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling

Three different backbone-monofunctionalized imidazolium salts have been synthesized using the metal–halogen exchange procedure, and their corresponding mesoionic carbene complexes with palladium were prepared via oxidative addition without protection of the C2 position. The donor properties were evaluated with ³¹P NMR spectroscopy of the respective palladium complexes. The catalytic activity of these complexes toward Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides was also explored. Also, in one case, a comparison of donor properties was made with those of a “normal” carbene with similar steric bulk