Implementation of Article 64 Paragraph (1) Law Number 22 of 2009 Concerning Road Traffic and Transport for Rice Mill Car in District of Ponorogo

The provisions concerning the approval of vehicles to be allowed path has been set in the LawNo. 22 Year 2009 on Road Traffic and Road Transportation. In Article 64 Paragraph (1) statesthat every motor vehicle must be registered. Today in Ponorogo, there are new types of motorvehicles are driven without any prior registration process. The vehicle called rice mill car. Policehave not been able to implement this registration rule because there are no special regulations forrice mill car in Ponorogo. These regulations may contain about the type of test that later allowedthe vehicle to be driven on the road.Key Word: Registrastion, vehicles

The Effect of Oblique Image Slices on the Accuracy of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and a Robust Tilt Correction Method

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using the MRI phase to calculate tissue magnetic susceptibility is finding increasing clinical applications. Oblique image slices are often acquired to facilitate radiological viewing and reduce artifacts. Here, we show that artifacts and errors arise in susceptibility maps if oblique acquisition is not properly taken into account in QSM. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the effects of oblique acquisition on brain susceptibility maps and compared tilt correction schemes for three susceptibility calculation methods, using a numerical phantom and human in-vivo images. We demonstrate a robust tilt correction method for accurate QSM with oblique acquisition

Investigating the accuracy and precision of TE‐dependent versus multi‐echo QSM using Laplacian‐based methods at 3 T

Purpose: Multi‐echo gradient‐recalled echo acquisitions for QSM enable optimizing the SNR for several tissue types through multi‐echo (TE) combination or investigating temporal variations in the susceptibility (potentially reflecting tissue microstructure) by calculating one QSM image at each TE (TE‐dependent QSM). In contrast with multi‐echo QSM, applying Laplacian‐based methods (LBMs) for phase unwrapping and background field removal to single TEs could introduce nonlinear temporal variations (independent of tissue microstructure) into the measured susceptibility. Here, we aimed to compare the effect of LBMs on the QSM susceptibilities in TE‐dependent versus multi‐echo QSM. Methods: TE–dependent recalled echo data simulated in a numerical head phantom and gradient‐recalled echo images acquired at 3 T in 10 healthy volunteers. Several QSM pipelines were tested, including four distinct LBMs: sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (SHARP), variable‐radius sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (V‐SHARP), Laplacian boundary value background field removal (LBV), and one‐step total generalized variation (TGV). Results from distinct pipelines were compared using visual inspection, summary statistics of susceptibility in deep gray matter/white matter/venous regions of interest, and, in the healthy volunteers, regional susceptibility bias analysis and nonparametric tests. Results: Multi‐echo versus TE‐dependent QSM had higher regional accuracy, especially in high‐susceptibility regions and at shorter TEs. Everywhere except in the veins, a processing pipeline incorporating TGV provided the most temporally stable TE‐dependent QSM results with an accuracy similar to multi‐echo QSM. Conclusions: For TE‐dependent QSM, carefully choosing LBMs can minimize the introduction of LBM‐related nonlinear temporal susceptibility variations

SEGUE: a Speedy rEgion-Growing algorithm for Unwrapping Estimated phase

Recent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques, such as Quantitative magnetic Susceptibility Mapping (QSM), employ the signal phase to reveal disease-related changes in tissue composition including iron or calcium content. The MRI phase is also routinely used in functional and diffusion MRI for distortion correction. However, phase images are wrapped into a range of 2π radians. PRELUDE is the gold standard method for robust, spatial, 3-dimensional, MRI phase unwrapping. Unfortunately, PRELUDE's computation time can reach 15 minutes for a severely wrapped brain image and nearly 10 hours to unwrap a full head-and-neck image on a standard PC. Here we develop a Speedy rEgion-Growing algorithm for Unwrapping Estimated phase (SEGUE) based on similar principles to PRELUDE, implemented with additional methods for acceleration. We compared PRELUDE and SEGUE in numerical phantoms, and using in-vivo images of the brain, head-and-neck, and pelvis acquired in 4-5 healthy volunteers and at 4-6 echo times. To overcome chemical-shift-induced errors within the head-and-neck and pelvic images, we also investigated applying both techniques within fat and water masks separately. SEGUE provided almost identical unwrapped phase maps to the gold standard PRELUDE. SEGUE was (1.5 to 70 times) faster than PRELUDE, especially in severely wrapped images at later echoes as well as in the head-and-neck and pelvic images. Applying these techniques within fat and water masks separately successfully removed chemical-shiftinduced errors. SEGUE's MATLAB implementation is available for download. SEGUE is a general unwrapping algorithm not specific to MRI and could, therefore, be used in images acquired with other modalities

The effect of low resolution and coverage on the accuracy of susceptibility mapping

PURPOSE: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has found increasing clinical applications. However, to reduce scan time, clinical acquisitions often use reduced resolution and coverage, particularly in the through-slice dimension. The effect of these factors on QSM has begun to be assessed using only balloon phantoms and downsampled brain images. Here, we investigate the effects (and their sources) of low resolution or coverage on QSM using both simulated and acquired images. METHODS: Brain images were acquired at 1 mm isotropic resolution and full brain coverage, and low resolution (up to 6 mm slice thickness) or coverage (down to 20 mm) in 5 healthy volunteers. Images at reduced resolution or coverage were also simulated in these volunteers and in a new, anthropomorphic, numerical phantom. Mean susceptibilities in 5 brain regions, including white matter, were investigated over varying resolution and coverage. RESULTS: The susceptibility map contrast decreased with increasing slice thickness and spacing, and with decreasing coverage below ~40 mm for 2 different QSM pipelines. Our simulations showed that calculated susceptibility values were erroneous at low resolution or very low coverage, because of insufficient sampling and overattenuation of the susceptibility-induced field perturbations. Susceptibility maps calculated from simulated and acquired images showed similar behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Both low resolution and low coverage lead to loss of contrast and errors in susceptibility maps. The widespread clinical practice of using low resolution and coverage does not provide accurate susceptibility maps. Simulations in images of healthy volunteers and in a new, anthropomorphic numerical phantom were able to accurately model low-resolution and low-coverage acquisitions

Pengaruh Core Stability Exercise Dan William Flexion Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Punggung Bawah (NPB) Miogenik Di Rsud Sunan Kalijaga Demak

ABSTRACT BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PROGRAM FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA Thesis, October 31th 2017 61 pages YUDHISTIRA KARSA A.N / J120151131 “THE EFECTIVITY OF CORE STABILITY EXERCISE AND WILLIAMS FLEXION EXERCISE TO REDUCE PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH MIOGENIC LOW BACK PAIN COMPLAINTS AT SUNAN KALIJAGA REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL DISTRICT DEMAK” (Supervised by Wahyuni, S.Fis., M.Kes ) Background: One of the many events musculoskeletal disorders including the complaint or pain in the low back pain (NPB). Miogenic LBP is pain associated with how the bones, ligaments and back muscles work. The pain would be a problem if affects the way we live or interfere with daily activities in life. There are different modalities of physiotherapy intervention in handling LBP, one of which is "Back Exercise", among which Williams Flexion Exercise (WFE). In the process, there is a method known for its "Core stabiliy exercise" (CSE). CSE is a synergistic activation that includes the muscles of the core muscles of the trunk. Purpose: To determine the effect of CSE and WFE to reduced pain in patients with Miogenic LBP complaints and differences in the effect of both. Aims of Research: Getting the evidence of benefits and know the differences of CSE and WFE to reduce pain in patients with Miogenic LBP. Methods: The study is quasi-experimental with two groups approach the pre and post test experimental design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, as many as 14 respondents. The research instrument used VAS (Visual Analog Scale). The statistical test used was Pair sample t-test and Independent sample t-test. Results: Statistical test results, the group treated with CSE obtained p-value of 0.000. The treatment group with WFE obtained p-value of 0.000. Meanwhile, from the differences were obtained p-value 0.075. Conclusion: There is the effect of CSE and WFE to reduced pain in patients with Miogenic LBP complaints and there is no difference in the results of both. Keywords: Low Back Pain (LBP), Core Stability Exercise (CSE), Williams Flexion Exercise (WFE) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS

Feasibility of smartphone colorimetry of the face as an anaemia screening tool for infants and young children in Ghana

Background Anaemia affects approximately a quarter of the global population. When anaemia occurs during childhood, it can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases and impair cognitive development. This research uses smartphone-based colorimetry to develop a non-invasive technique for screening for anaemia in a previously understudied population of infants and young children in Ghana. Methods We propose a colorimetric algorithm for screening for anaemia which uses a novel combination of three regions of interest: the lower eyelid (palpebral conjunctiva), the sclera, and the mucosal membrane adjacent to the lower lip. These regions are chosen to have minimal skin pigmentation occluding the blood chromaticity. As part of the algorithm development, different methods were compared for (1) accounting for varying ambient lighting, and (2) choosing a chromaticity metric for each region of interest. In comparison to some prior work, no specialist hardware (such as a colour reference card) is required for image acquisition. Results Sixty-two patients under 4 years of age were recruited as a convenience clinical sample in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Forty-three of these had quality images for all regions of interest. Using a naïve Bayes classifier, this method was capable of screening for anaemia (<11.0g/dL haemoglobin concentration) vs healthy blood haemoglobin concentration (≥11.0g/dL) with a sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI 66.1% to 99.8%), a specificity of 89.7% (72.7% to 97.8%) when acting on unseen data, using only an affordable smartphone and no additional hardware. Conclusion These results add to the body of evidence suggesting that smartphone colorimetry is likely to be a useful tool for making anaemia screening more widely available. However, there remains no consensus on the optimal method for image preprocessing or feature extraction, especially across diverse patient populations