A proposed Fuzzy logic model for Electrospun nanofiber pressurised membranes for water treatment- A review

Electrospun nanofiber membranes and nanocomposites for water treatment is an emerging concept growing faster in science, gaining more prominence among various scientists, and creating attention to improve water quality. The familiarity with fabricating these materials is increased, and researchers worldwide target more nanomaterial manufacturing and synthesis for several applications. The electrospinning process for nanofibers' preparation allows polymers to incorporate various functionalized materials. Scientists have recently proposed electrospun membranes using fluorinated compounds and polymers with hydrocarbons. The membranes prepared by the electrospun nanofiber to purify water created a primary research axis, and various laboratory experiments proved efficient. In recent years, the usage of fuzzy analysis in industries has increased, and these logics are applied in every unit process of the water industry. The present review primarily discusses the recent pressurized electrospun membrane technologies utilized in the water industries and machine learning methods that can be applied in the water industries. Further, it suggests a new novel way of integrating options to connect the fuzzy with water treatment to enhance the electrospun nanofiber prospects in the water industry. Implementing these fuzzy models in future by water industries might reduce maintenance costs and help in understanding the characteristics of the effluent quality in detail

Groundwater quality assessment by Water quality index (WQI) and Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) for coastal zones of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh

Groundwater is a vital resource for the drinking water supply to the people in the areas residing in the coastal zones. Rapid industrialization increased the human population, and anthropogenic activities led to groundwater pollution. The water quality should be continuously monitored to analyse the suitability of the water, and it is only possible by the water quality index. In the current study, we attempted to determine the groundwater quality of the Mandal headquarters of the coastal zones of the Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, by using the water quality index (WQi) considering the parameters pH, Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, calcium and magnesium, potassium, and sodium, human health assessment tool, and multivariate statistical analysis. The results found that the WQi of the coastal zones ranged from 49.6 to 361.7, and in the post-monsoon season, the Etcherla Mandal station water was not advisable for drinking. Human health risk assessment showed that children in these sampling stations are more prone to the non-carcinogenic health risks associated with nitrate pollution. Proper reduction measures in the sampling areas must be taken to depreciate nitrate and seepage into the groundwater. Piper plots and correlation matrices showed the anion-cation interaction, and the principal component analyzed and showed the pollution sources. The current study concluded that anthropogenic activities continuously deteriorate groundwater quality, indirect saltwater intrusion was identified, and groundwater treatment is necessary before consumption.

Sustainable Nano-Bioremediation Approaches for the Treatment of Polluted Soils

Due to the widespread adoption of conventional approaches for the remediation of contaminated soils, these techniques have become more well-known in the literature. However, these methods have both advantages and disadvantages. Integrating traditional degradation technologies with Nano-technology might be the right solution for removing toxicants from the environment to overcome these problems. Nano bioremediation is a new technique that has gained prominence in recent years among many researchers worldwide. These techniques aim to remove the contaminants’ concentration and minimize their impacts on the environment. The integrated approaches benefit bioremediation and nanotechnology to remove the pollutants more efficiently within less time in an eco-friendly manner than individual processes. The current review provides insights into nanotechnology and different kinds of nanomaterials that have been reported in eliminating pollutants from the environment. Further, the mechanism and challenges with nano bioremediation were explained in detail

Titanium dioxide electrospun nanofibers for dye removal- A review

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, water demand has increased worldwide. The availability of potable water is becoming more difficult in the global scenario. Hazardous pollution disposal by the industries to the nearest stream and search for the facile environmentally friendly technologies capable of treating these pollutants become more challenging. Effluent disposal consisting of the dyes without proper pre-treatment adversely affects the aquatic life and ecological system as they are carcinogenic and highly toxic. Dyes in the water are becoming a significant problem in the current scenario and attracted many researchers to research the current topic. Even though the conventional treatment options are available for treating polluted water, still they are not enough for the demand and supply. Thus, new state-of-the-art technologies are required to meet the demand and supply. Titanium dioxide nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning techniques have proven to be new nanomaterials gaining prominence in science. Several researchers are using these fibres by fabricating them into a thin film for pollutant removal and water treatment. They are gaining much importance as they perform best in treating water containing both organic and inorganic loads. The present review provides insights into the background and the origin of the electrospun nanofibers and preparation mechanisms. Further, we identified 25 widely used titanium dioxide electrospun nanofibers with various combinations in removing the dyes from the aqueous medium