The additional value of patient-reported health status in predicting 1-year mortality after invasive coronary procedures: A report from the Euro Heart Survey on Coronary Revascularisation

Objective: Self-perceived health status may be helpful in identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. The Euro Heart Survey on Coronary Revascularization (EHS-CR) provided an opportunity to explore whether impaired health status was a predictor of 1-year mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing angiographic procedures. Methods: Data from the EHS-CR that included 5619 patients from 31 member countries of the European Society of Cardiology were used. Inclusion criteria for the current study were completion of a self-report measure of health status, the EuroQol Questionnaire (EQ-5D) at discharge and information on 1-year follow-up, resulting in a study population of 3786 patients. Results: The 1-year mortality was 3.2% (n = 120). Survivors reported fewer problems on the five dimensions of the EQ-5D as compared with non-survivors. A broad range of potential confounders were adjusted for, which reached a p<0.10 in the unadjusted analyses. In the adjusted analyses, problems with self-care (OR 3.45; 95% CI 2.14 to 5.59) and a low rating (≤ 60) on health status (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.94) were the most powerful independent predictors of mortality, among the 22 clinical variables included in the analysis. Furthermore, patients who reported no problems on all five dimensions had significantly lower 1-year mortality rates (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.81). Conclusions: This analysis shows that impaired health status is associated with a 2-3-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CAD, independent of other conventional risk factors. These results highlight the importance of including patients' subjective experience of their own health status in the evaluation strategy to optimise risk stratification and management in clinical practice

Untersuchung des Energieverbrauchs für die Zerkleinerung von Eisenquarzit des Eisenerzbeckens Krivoj Rog durch Schlag und Abrieb

Durch Abriebzertrümmerung des Eisenerzes in Glockenmühlen wird die Leistung um 30 - 80 % gesteigert. Der Energieverbrauch sinkt dabei um das 1,3 - 2fache

Impact of heteroatoms (S, Se, and Te) on the aromaticity of heterocirculenes

A series of thia[7]circulenes and novel Se-, Te-, S/Te-, and Se/Te-substituted [8]circulenes have been studied by calculations of nucleus-independent chemical shift indices and gauge including magnetically induced currents to interpret the impact of heteroatoms on the aromatic properties of these polyheterocyclic species. The calculations indicate that all the studied hetero[7]circulenes and hetero[8]circulenes consist of two concentric subsystems: an inner seven- or eight-membered core is antiaromatic because of the existence of a paratropic ring current, and an outer system of benzene and hetarene rings that exhibit aromatic behaviour due to the circulation of diatropic ring currents. Thus, most of the hetero[7]circulenes can be considered as slightly antiaromatic because of the slight domination of the paratropic ring currents over the diatropic ones, whereas hetero[8]circulenes represent aromatic species due to the prevailing contribution of the diatropic currents. The antiaromaticity gradually increases with more scattered arrangements of the thiophene and benzene rings in each series of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentathia[7]circulenes because of the reduced conjugation effect between the neighboring thiophene and benzene rings. Loss of planarity with increased strain leads to an increased antiaromatic character of the lower representatives of the thia[n]circulenes, whereas higher thia[n]circulenes demonstrate a more pronounced aromatic nature because of the small deviation from planarity. The ring current topology is found to be quite insensitive to the heteroatom type, number of hetarene rings and the size of the inner ring; this clearly manifests the special electronic structure of hetero[n]circulenes containing two concentric cyclic subsystems