Effects of must turbidity on fermentative aroma development in Sauvignon blanc

Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Viticulture and Enology - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL / Institut National d'Etudes Superieures Agronomiques de MontpellierIn many ways New Zealand has become an ideal for a New World wine country. With the first commercial Sauvignon blanc only released in 1974, Sauvignon blanc fought its way to become not only the flagship of New Zealand`s wine industry, holding around 66 % of the country’s total grape production at the 2015 harvest, but also made its way to be recognized for its outstanding quality all over the world. For some critics, New Zealand Sauvignon blanc is arguably the best in the world and others called the Marlborough wine region the best place to grow Sauvignon blanc in New Zealand. Even though testimonies like that may be subjective as taste lies on the tongue of the beholder, New Zealand Sauvignon blanc clearly came a way plastered with success leading to an export value of $1.424 billion NZD in 2015. Key to this success is that the industry found a way to distance itself from its French archetype, world famous Sauvignon blanc originated from the Loire valley, and reinvented itself, introducing a unique winestyle that does not need to shy any comparison. In the heart of this winestyle aroma compounds of the thiol group play an important role. Derived during yeast activity during fermentation from non-odorous precursors found in grapejuice, the two most important thiols that have been related with Marlborough Sauvignon blanc are 3MH and 3MHA. These deliver exotic nuances reminiscent of grapefruit, passionfruit, gooseberry, guava and boxtree. Due to the high oxidability of thiols, several strategies have been adapted by the industry to preserve these key compounds and their non-odorous precursors during the processing of grapes, which includes harvesting, transportation, processing and storage. Although a lot of research has been carried out to further understand the relations between precursors, thiols and their preserving, and to be able to continuously contrast New Zealand Sauvignon blanc from competitors, many questions still remain unclear at the present day. One of them is the effect of juice turbidity on aroma development during fermentation. Research has revealed a broad idea on the positive and negative effects, caused by micronutrients and physical parameters of grape solids derived during process steps leading to juice extraction from the berries on fermentation kinetics and general aroma development. To my best knowledge no research has been published to the present day that focuses on the effect of juice turbidity on the thiol development and expression in Sauvignon blanc ferments. This masterthesis in hand, with the title “Effects of must turbidity on fermentative aroma development in Sauvignon blanc” is supposed to give an overview over the state of research on Sauvignon blanc with a further focus on the question about possible effects and practical applications of juice turbidity. Finally, this work tries to improve the small scale winemaking protocol of Plant and Food Research, Blenheim, where this research has been conducted.N/

Isolierung und Identifizierung der Flavon(ol)glykoside der Endivien (Cichorium endivia L.) und des Kopfsalates (Lactuca sativa L.)

For the first time, quercetin-3-β-ᴅ-glucuronide, quercetin-3-β-ᴅ-glucoside, quercetin-3-(O-malonyl) -β-ᴅ-glucoside and luteolin-7-/9-ᴅ-glucuronide were isolated from lettuce and kaempferol-3-β-D-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-β-ᴅ-glucoside from endives as crystals. The flavonol glucuronides are the main glycosides. Moreover a glycoside was found in endives which is very probably identical with kaempferol-3-(O-malonyl) -β-ᴅ-glucoside

Bildung von Naringenin bei der Reife von Tomaten

Naringenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxy-flavanon), occuring only in the skin of tomatoes, is formed when the fruit begins to colour red

D-(+)-Dikaffeoyl-Weinsäure aus Endivien (Cichorium endivia L.)

The predominant caffeic acid compound of endives has been crystallized after column chromatography on polyamide and cellulose and was identified as ᴅ -(+) -dicaffeoyl tartaric acid

Real-Time MRI of Continent and Stress Incontinent Male Patients after Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder

Introduction: The aim of this study was to correlate anatomic differences with continence status in male patients after cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder using real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods: Anatomic differences of 14 male patients (7 daytime continent and 7 stress incontinent) with ileal neobladder were determined by measuring the orthogonal distance of the bladder neck to the pubococcygeal line (PCL) to correlate anatomic differences with continence status. Results: The median distance of the bladder neck to PCL was +5.4 mm in continent patients before voiding whereas in incontinent patients it was +2 mm (p = 0.012). During the Valsalva maneuver, the median distance in continent patients was +4 and in incontinent patients -3 mm (p = 0.003). At the end of micturition, the median distance was +2.3 mm in continent patients and -12 mm in incontinent patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The bladder neck in incontinent patients showed more pronounced mobility in relation to the PCL during micturition and the Valsalva maneuver as compared to continent patients. In addition, the ileal neobladder was positioned significantly lower in the pelvis of incontinent patients. These preliminary results suggest that a stable bladder neck may be an important factor to reach full continence in patients with ileal neobladder. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base

Hydroxycinnamoyl esters of malic acid in small radish (raphanus sativus l. var. sativus)

The esters o f p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acid with malic acid were isolated from leaves, the ester o f sinapic acid with malic acid from cotyledons o f Raphanus sativus plants via preparative HPLC. The esters were identified by hydrolyses and following capillary GC, by H-NMR and FAB-MS. Their concentrations in leaves and tubers were determinedby gradient HPLC on reversed phase material. © 1984, Walter de Gruyter. All rights reserved

Aging and Infectious Diseases in the Developing World

Although demographic aging does not remain restricted to industrialized countries, the medical challenge arising from the aging population will be distinct in the developing world. This is particularly true with respect to infectious diseases, which have a distinct spectrum in the elderly population, as well as a greater overall relevance in the developing world. Tropical diseases have a specific presentation and epidemiology in elderly patients. Infectious diseases with a worldwide distribution impact elderly patients in the developing world in a specific manner, which is most obvious with respect to human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis but is also true with respect to "trivial” manifestations of infection, such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Malnutrition contributes in a major way to the immunodeficiency of elderly patients in the developing world. Poorly controlled use of antimicrobial drugs leads to multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which, together with the limited resources available for drug treatment, makes appropriate treatment of infections in elderly patients in developing countries very difficult. Infections in elderly patients will have an increasing impact on the public health and economy of developing countrie

Isomeric di-c-glycosylflavones in fig (ficus carica l.)

Two isomeric C-glycosides of apigenin (ap ig en in -6-C -glucosyl-8-C -arab in o sid e (schaftoside), apigenin-6-C -arabinosyl-8-C -glucoside (isoschaftoside)) were isolated from leaves of Ficus carica with preparative HPLC. The glycosides were identified by UV-, ′H-N M R-, l3C-NMR-sp ectro scopy and FAB-MS. Their concentration in fruits and leaves were determined by gradient HPLC on reversed phase material. © 1985, Walter de Gruyter. All rights reserved

Factory life cycle evaluation through integrated analysis of factory elements

In consequence of the technological advances of the last few decades, factories emerged to highly complex systems that consist of numerous factory elements like production machines, technical building services and the building shell. These factory elements are characterized by individual life cycles that differ in their duration and life cycle behavior. Consequently, the factory life cycle is composed of multiple overlapping life cycles. The fact that the life cycle of some factory elements (e.g. the building shell) exceeds the life cycle of other elements over many times (e.g. of machines) presents a challenge for factory planners. In particular, factory planners struggle to understand the contribution of single factory elements on the total factory life cycle. Consequently, it is hard to systematically synchronize the inherent life cycles of a factory while adhering to manifold requirements. Against this background, the goal of this paper is to develop a methodology that supports factory planners in the evaluation of the factory life cycle. The proposed methodology enhances the understanding of how factory elements contribute to the factory life cycle and what is the current life cycle state of the entire factory. To this end, the factory system is broken down on its constituting elements. A modified failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is applied to assess their life cycle priority according to economic, environmental and technical criteria. The methodology is exemplarily demonstrated on a pilot scale battery production system