Study the Occurrence of Aflatoxins in some Crops and Dry Fruits in Iraqi Markets

This study was conducted to determine the fungal species and aflatoxin contaminations in crops and dried fruits samples from Iraqi markets after collected at one kilogram with 15 replicates from each of wheat, barley, corn, rice, peanut, figs, apricot and raisin in polyethylene packages. Samples were prepared by grinding and cultured on optimum medium for culturing of contamination molds, and extracted the samples to detect the aflatoxins present by used the HPLC system. The results were indicated that’s all collected samples from the crops or dried fruits were contamination with mold species at different levels of counts from log 2.46 to 5.67 CFU/g at each wheat and peanut samples respectively. The results also indicated that Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, A. paraciticus and Fusarium oxysporium. was  a dominant mold when compared with the other molds species. Aflatoxins analysis was showed as aflatoxin B1 only in concentrations ranges between 22.0-93.7ηg/g in dried apricot samples to 161.0-782.0 ng/g in peanut samples, and were not detected the other aflatoxin types in all collected samples. Keywords: Aflatoxins; Crops; Dry Fruits; Iraqi Markets

The Effect of Sorbitol and Mannitol Supplementation at Casing on the Productive characteristics of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of supplementing 1, 3 and 5% of Sorbitol and Mannitol at casing on the productive characteristics of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The results revealed a significant increase in the total production and biological efficiency of Agaricus bisporus mushroom .Treatment 1% Sorbitol mushroom recorded the highest production (1286, 90 g/bag) compared with 798.5 g/bag for the control group and 745 g/bag for the Mannitol 1% mushroom (p<0.05).Besides, the biological efficiency was increased from 53.23% to 85.79% with the same supplement. None of the Mannitol supplemented treatment surpassed that of the control group for both traits. However Mannitol 1% recorded significantly higher values when compared with other Mannitol treatments for the total yield and biological efficiency .Sorbitol and Mannitol1% treatments showed significantly the higher values for fruiting body number and the lowest fruit body weight (80, 40 and 16.25 and 17.74, numbers and grams, respectively). Most of the yield occurred on the first break. The full growth compost supplemented with 1% Sorbitol tended to have a more synchronous maturation for the second break in fewer days when mushrooms were harvested. Earliness (days from casing ) for Sorbitol, Mannitol 1% treatments and the control group mushroom  was reported  to be 18 days which differ significantly as  compared with all other  treatments(p<0.05). Keywords: Agaricus bisporus, Sorbitol and Mannitol, Casing layer

Survey Study of the Allergic Fungi in Kirkuk Area and Use Molecular Detection for Identification

The study was carried out at the period from 1st February 2013 until 31st January 2014 in order to determine the relationship of the allergic fungi with the lower bronchial allergy patients and study the occurrence of fungal in indoor and outdoor building. Two hundred samples of sputum were collected from the respiratory tract infected patients and 20 samples sputum from healthy persons, which ranged in age from less than five to more than 51 years of both sexes the results showed that the rate of infection among examined cases were 134 (67%), by direct microscopy and culturing. The rate of infection in females was higher78 (58.2%) than males 56 (41.7%).The distribution of positive case

The role of Lactobacillus casei on some physiological and biochemical parameters in male laboratory rats infection with salmonellosis

This research was conducted to isolation and diagnosis of Salmonella typhimurium that caused child diarrhea infections, whom attend in Salah-Adin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit. and determine the susceptibility of isolates against some antibiotics, also, determine the Lactobacillus casei as probiotics which, isolation and identification from fermented dairy samples collected from different local in Salah-Adin governorate markets, then assay the effect of orally dosage of probiotics on some physiological and biological parameters in rats that infected with Salmonella typhimurium isolate. Salmonella typhimurium were appeared at 15 isolates from child diarrhea infections samples and the Lb. casei isolates from fermented dairy products, then identified according to morphological, microscopic, cultural and biochemical characterizes, then selective the probiotics isolate from Lb. casei which depended according to their ability to grow in pH 2 and able to tolerance growth at 0.3% bile salts, furthermore their ability to adhesion with intestine mucus surface at 43.8%

The Role of Lactobacillus Casei on Some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Male Laboratory Rats Infection with Salmonellosis

This research was conducted to isolation and diagnosis of Salmonella typhimurium that caused child diarrhea infections, whom attend in Salah-Adin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit. and determine the susceptibility of isolates against some antibiotics, also, determine the Lactobacillus casei as probiotics which, isolation and identification from fermented dairy samples collected from different local in Salah-Adin governorate markets, then assay the effect of orally dosage of probiotics on some physiological and biological parameters in rats that infected with Salmonella typhimurium isolate. Salmonella typhimurium were appeared at 15 isolates from child diarrhea infections samples and the Lb. casei isolates from fermented dairy products, then identified according to morphological, microscopic, cultural and biochemical characterizes, then selective the probiotics isolate from Lb. casei which depended according to their ability to grow in pH 2 and able to tolerance growth at 0.3% bile salts, furthermore their ability to adhesion with intestine mucus surface at 43.8%

Single or combined consumption of resveratrol and the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuate the effects of crowding stress on growth, immune characteristics, and antioxidant defense in the common carp, (Cyprinus carpio)

In the present study, dietary resveratrol (RE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) were individually or combined added to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to protect against crowding stress. Fish (30.16 ± 0.7; Mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to seven groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LAB with a concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/g, T3: LAB with a concentration of 3 × 107 CFU/g, T4: 300 mg resveratrol/kg, T5: 600 mg resveratrol/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and T7: 3 × 107 CFU/g + 600 mg resveratrol/kg. After 60 days feeding, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase, protease and lipase were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and 1.5 × 107 CFU/g diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2 and T6 groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when were compared with the control before crowding stress (P < 0.05). After crowding stress challenge, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2 and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Also, recovered fish in the control group demonstrated significantly declined levels of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and higher levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH as compared to other group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RE and LAB effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as protected common carp against crowding stress