Implementasi Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan melalui Kegiatan M-krpl di Kota Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur

Sustainable food house area (KRPL) is a governmental program to drive economy to maximize fulfillment of farmer's food need. It was early introduced by Agricultural Ministry in Kayen Village, Pacitan, East Java by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and then was developed by Agricultural Research agency in Indonesia by BPTP. Target area is yard. Kupang is one of town in NTT doing the activity. The objective of the research was to identify implementation of KRPL model in Kupang, to evaluate performance of technology component in KRPL activity and to identify obstacle and continuity of the program. The research was conducted in Kupang for six months from July–December 2013. The results indicated that the program was implemented in six areas (three military areas and three civil areas) with good results indicated with various plants cultivated such as horticulture, medicinal plant and ground fishery. Performance of component application has run as planned step from dissemination, preparation and realization (polybag filling, planting, transferring, keeping, harvest and post harvest). The dominant obstacles is water

Analisis USAha Panen Cengkehdi Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Propinsi Sulawesi Utara

Currently, clove is important plantation crop due to its high price (Rp 85.000 at harvest and Rp 135.000 at dry condition), although at late 1990s it was only Rp 3500 per kg. Then, many clove crops were left died with bad cultivation, cut, and even made as firewood. In relation to free trade area, clove cigarette development, great cigarette excise and source of employment, government gives increasingly great attention. Then, as main commodity of national economy, clove cultivation is important matter included harvest and post harvest process because it will affect quality and selling price. Objectives of the research was to study cost structure of harvest and post harvest, to identify harvest and post harvest cost effect on income, and to analyze feasibility of clove cultivation business. The research was done for 2 months from August to September 2013. Location was determined using purposive sampling involving 20 farmers. Data include primary and secondary data that was analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that harvest cost was very high covering 80.33% of total cost in clove cultivation cost; harvest and post harvest cost has effect of 20.92% on revenue and 26.46% on income. This clove cultivation is feasible financially because it is economically profitable with B/C ratio of 3.77. Keywords: clove, farming system, price, labour, farme

Value Chain Implementation in Rural-Scale Integrated Coconut Farming System in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

The value of coconut production in North Sulawesi reaches almost 10% of Indonesia’s total coconut production, and more than 95% is managed by farmers. The main problem in coconut development is that the management of coconut cultivation is still traditional, and the quality of the products produced is still low, so that coconut commodities that are multipurpose relatively have no added value. The economic value of coconut is still very dependent on primary products, namely coconut seeds and copra. To increase farmers‘income, the solution that can be taken is to implement the value chain in integrated coconut farming by diversifying coconut products. This is a review chapter that aims to present the implementation of value chain analysis approach and formulate the strategic development of integrated coconut farming system on a rural scale in the North Sulawesi province. Implementation of the value chain by diversifying coconut commodities can provide added value. By managing an integrated coconut farm that produces 3–5 processed products, the economic value of coconut will increase by about 5–6 times. Several issues become obstacles in the development of the value chain, including the lack of farmer participation in the modern chain, weak market power and market access, weak contractual relationship strength, and weak agricultural sector development orientation in the provision of employment

Circadian variation in the circulatory responses to exercise: relevance to the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events

Sudden cardiac and cerebral events are most common in the morning. A fundamental question is whether these events are triggered by the increase in physical activity after waking, and/or a result of circadian variation in the responses of circulatory function to exercise. Although signaling pathways from the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei to sites of circulatory control are not yet understood, it is known that cerebral blood flow, autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity to changes in CO(2) are impaired in the morning and, therefore, could explain the increased risk of cerebrovascular events. Blood pressure (BP) and the rate pressure product (RPP) show marked ‘morning surges’ when people are studied in free-living conditions, making the rupture of a fragile atherosclerotic plaque and sudden cardiac event more likely. Since cerebral autoregulation is reduced in the morning, this surge in BP may also exacerbate the risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes in the presence of other acute and chronic risk factors. Increased sympathetic activity, decreased endothelial function, and increased platelet aggregability could also be important in explaining the morning peak in cardiac and cerebral events but how these factors respond to exercise at different times of day is unclear. Evidence is emerging that the exercise-related responses of BP and RPP are increased in the morning when prior sleep is controlled. We recommend that such ‘semi-constant routine’ protocols are employed to examine the relative influence of the body clock and exogenous factors on the 24-h variation in other circulatory factors