The nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Polymitarcyidae is a family of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeroidea) distributed throughout the world but with highest diversity in the Neotropics. Tortopus Needham & Murphy, with a Panamerican distribution, is known from twelve species described in the adult stage. Nymphs are only known for three species: T. puella (Pictet), T. obscuripennis Domínguez and T. sarae Domínguez, and present a rather homogeneous morphology (Molineri 2008). They were firstly described for T. puella by Scott et al. (1959) and later Molineri (2008) described the other two. Both studies reported thatthese species burrow U-shaped tunnels in clay banks of rivers and streams, thus preventing them from being sampled inmost limnological studies (that use surbers, drags, or drift nets). The aim of the present contribution is to describe and illustrate the previously unknown nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver that shows important anatomical differences with the other nymphs known in the genus. This morphological differentiation suggests a different habitat use by these nymphs, sampled with drag and surber samplers in sandy substrate. New locality records are given for T. harrisi in Brazil. The nymphs are preserved in alcohol, mouthparts, legs and genital rudiments were mounted in microscope slides with Canada Balsam. Drawings were made with a camera lucida attached to a stereo microscope. The material is deposited in CUIC (Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, NY), IML (Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán) and in MZSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo). Catalogs and bibliography were consulted at Ephemeroptera Galactica (Hubbard 2009).Fil: Molineri, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Siegloch, Ana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Righi Cavallaro, Karina O.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Anacroneuria terere Righi-Cavallaro & Lecci, 2010, sp. n.

Anacroneuria terere sp. n. (Figs. 7–12) Description. General colour yellowish-brown. Area between ocelli light brown, expanding anteriorly into a T-shaped bar, rest of head lighter (Fig. 7). Clypeal area light brown laterally and frons lighter. Antennae light brown, palpi yellowish. Pronotum square shaped, anterior corners angular, posterior corners rounded, light brown with yellowish median stripe and light, lateral areas, rugosities darker. Legs light brown, tibiae and tarsi darker. Wings yellowish hyaline, veins light, region between C and R veins opaque. Male. Forewing length, 11.2 mm. Penial armature (Figs. 10–12) narrowing slowly to end piece. Hooks basally with a distinct hump, rest smoothly curved with pointed tips. In lateral view, dorsal keel absent, oblong penial apex bends dorsally. Distal ventral vesicles absent. Female. Forewing length, 14.6–15.5 mm, n= 16. Subgenital plate four-lobed (Fig. 8), lateral notches shallow, median one distinctly deeper. St 9 with distal margin sinuous and sclerotized, field of hairs V–shaped, longer hairs near margin. Egg oval (Fig. 9) and dark brown, 0.37 x 0.20 mm; egg batch cord shaped. Remarks. The penial armature is similar to that of A. saltensis (Froehlich, 2002), but the dorsal keel is absent in A. terere. The apical portion of the penial armature is similar to that of A. caraja Froehlich, 2002, but in this species the shoulders are not conspicuous. In addition, A. terere differs from both species in color pattern; A. caraja is a pale, whitish color whereas A. saltensis is yellowish. Etymology. Tereré, from the Guarani language, is a typical cold beverage, made with “erva-mate” (Ilex paraguariensis) and widely consumed in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. First invented by the Guaraní natives who lived in Paraguay and western Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), tereré was spread by the dwellers of that region, and for centuries has been a social beverage. It is a noun in apposition.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on pages 37-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapalek 1922

Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapálek, 1922 Anacroneuria atrifrons Klapálek 1922: 89. Anacroneuria atrifrons — Froehlich 2008: 129 Material examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916 S 52.52638 W), 1 m, 17.XII. 2008, KORC, MRC, OF; 2 m, 16.XII. 2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP. Remarks. This species, previously known from the Amazon region, is recorded for the first time from Centre-West Brazil and for the Paraná River Basin.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich 2007

Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich, 2007 Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich 2007: 18 -19. Material Examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916 S 52.52638 W), 1 m, 17.XII. 2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP; 2 m, Bonito, Córrego Coqueiro (21.22388 S 56.33666 W), 24.III. 2008, KORC, MRC, OF. Remarks. This species was originally described from the municipality of Costa Rica. Here, specimens from Bonito, around 450 km southwest of the type locality and from Chapadão do Sul, around 60 km south of Costa Rica, are recorded.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

The nymph of Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Brazil

Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O., Froehlich, Claudio G. (2013): The nymph of Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3635 (5): 579-582, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.5.

Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich 2007

Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich, 2007 Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich 2007: 23 -24. Material examined. BR, MS, Bonito, Fazenda Morro Alto, tributary of Rio Seco (21.03083 S 56.62361 W), 1 m, 24.VI. 2009, LSL; 1 m, Fazenda Pitangueiras, source near sawmill (20.87055 S 56.58861 W), 27.VI. 2009, LSL; 6 f, Bodoquena, Rio Salobra (20.69305 S 56.74055 W), 06.III. 2007, OF. Remarks. This species was described from the municipality of Bodoquena. The new records are from the municipality of Bonito, also in the Bodoquena Mountains.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

Anacroneuria pastaza Stark 2001

Anacroneuria pastaza Stark, 2001 Anacroneuria pastaza Stark 2001: 26 Anacroneuria pastaza — Bispo & Froehlich 2004: 192 Material examined. BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Stela I, Rio Indaiá Grande (19.48916 S 52.52638 W), 1 m, 17.XII. 2008, KORC, MRC, LP, RCP. Remarks. This species was previously known from Ecuador (Stark, 2001) and Serra da Mesa, Goiás State (Bispo and Froehlich 2004). This record for Centre-West Brazil and the Paraná River Basin is the southernmost known for the species.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

Anacroneuria otafroehlichi Righi-Cavallaro & Lecci, 2010, sp. n.

Anacroneuria otafroehlichi sp. n. (Figs. 1–6) Type material. Holotype, male + exuvium: BR, MS, Chapadão do Sul, Fazenda Pedra Branca, Rio Sucuriú (19.24255 S 52.83305 W), 27.VIII. 2008, KORC, MRC, TTMT, RCP. Paratypes: Nymph, 1, same data as holotype, riffle; Adults, 22 m, same data as holotype, 2 m same locality but 09.VI. 2008, KORC, MRC, OF, NP. Description. General colour light yellowish-brown. Area anterior to ocelli forming light yellow patch, rest of head paler (Fig. 1). Scape and pedicel light brown, rest of antenna brown. Palpi yellowish. Pronotum trapezoidal (Fig. 1), yellowish with lateral light brown areas, rugosities darker. Legs yellowish, femora with dark brown band at apex, tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wing hyaline yellowish-brown, veins light brown, Sc and R darker. Abdomen yellowish. Cerci brownish. Male. Forewing length, 12.2–13.2 mm, n= 14. Hammer a simple truncate cone (Fig. 2). Penial armature (Figs. 3, 4) simple, narrowing gradually from base to a blunt apex, apical portion hooks smoothly curved with pointed tips. In a side view, dorsal keel low, a pair of small ventral vesicles present. Female. Unknown. Nymph. Pre-emergent body length 12.4 mm. Posterior part of frons yellowish; brown patch in anterior part of the frons extending to ocelli in a smooth, wide arc; an anterior pale band in the clypeal area (Fig. 5). Pronotum brown, similar in coloration to head markings; several small, scattered, circular pale spots and larger, linear pale areas near midline. Femur with dorsal fringe; thick bristles and dark clothing hairs scattered over femur surface except in small hairless oval dorsomedially. Tibia covered by thick bristles, these smaller anteriorly and larger posteriorly; posterior surface with silky fringe of hairs (Fig. 6). Tarsal segments dorsally with band of long bristles. Abdomen terga pale anteriorly, darker posteriorly; all terga covered with short bristles. Cerci armed with sparse apical whorls of short bristles. Remarks. The penial armature of A. otafroehlichi bears some resemblance to a small group of species including A. polita (Burmeister, 1839), A. fuscicosta (Enderlein, 1909), A. oculatila Jewett, 1959, A. novateutonia Jewett, 1959 and A. ofaye Froehlich, 2007. Anacroneuria otafroehlichi differs from A. polita by its lighter colour and, additionally, by the more rounded apex of the penial armature. Moreover, A. polita is smaller than A. otafroehlichi, with forewing length 7.5–10.1 mm (Zwick 1972, Froehlich 2004). It differs from A. fuscicosta which has a ventrally sloping apex by having a blunt apex. It differs from A. oculatila and A. novateutonia which have the penial armature tapering to a truncate apex with subapical shoulders; this is absent in A. otafroehlichi. In A. ofaye, the dorsal keel is more elevated and, in dorsal view, resembles a square racket. Etymology. The specific epithet, otafroehlichi, honors Otavio Froehlich, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, noted ichthyologist, for his contagious enthusiasm, great discussions and overall friendship.Published as part of Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O. & Lecci, Lucas S., 2010, Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil, pp. 35-44 in Zootaxa 2683 on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19936

Tortopus harrisi Traver

<i>Tortopus harrisi</i> Traver <p> <i>T. harrisi</i> Traver 1950: 604; Domínguez 1985: 69; Domínguez <i>et al.</i> 2006: 585.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> holotype male imago (CUIC slides No. 3031) from: Brazil, Mato Grosso, 23-XII-19, R.G. Harris col. New material: 1 nymph (IML) from Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Dois Irmãos river, Dois Irmãos do Buriti, 20°31'53"S, 55°34'37"W, drag, 15-IX-2006, D. S. Barbosa & D. Fassini; and 1 nymph (MZSP) same data except river Miranda, Jardim, 21°28'56"S, 56°07'13"W), surber sampler, 10-I-2006.</p> <p>Mature nymph. Length. Male: body, 12.0–13.0 mm; cerci, 10.0–11.0 mm; caudal filament, 4.0 mm. Head with two large submedian oval tufts of short setae anterior to lateral ocelli (t in Fig. 1); frontal ridge relatively straight in dorsal view (Fig. 1); fronto-clipeal region straight not surpassing mandibular tusks ventrally (arrows in Figs. 1–2); mandibular tusks straight (Figs. 1–2), with very few setae dorsally, mainly restricted to a subdistal group of seven rigid setae (Figs. 6–7); inner margin with two large tubercles (subdistal and submedian, Figs. 6–7); maxillae with a relatively large ventral gill (g in Fig. 8). Thorax. Pronotum with narrow anterior ring (0.25–0.26 of total length of pronotum); antero-lateral corners acutely projected. Legs. Foreleg with tibia-tarsus strongly flattened with a small dorso-distal projection (0.35– 0.40 of total length of claw) (Fig. 12), ventral surface with two long U-shaped rows of filtering setae; fore femur with anterobasal short U-shaped row of filtering setae and an immediately posterior small group of simple setae. Middle leg with long setae on anterior and posterior (functionally ventral and dorsal, respectively) margins of femur, anterior margin of tibia and tarsus; apical third of tibia and tarsus completely covered with strong setae, apex of tibia with a brush of thick setae ventrally. Hind leg with short strong setae on posterior margin, and transverse subdistal row of short setae on dorsal surface; hind tibia and tarsus with long setae on posterior margin, anterior margin covered with short and strong setae. All tarsal claws slender and curved, without denticles. Abdomen. Gill I single, small and elongated (Fig. 9), remaining gills well developed and double. Terga II–IX with medio-longitudinal row of setae; abdominal sterna with lateral margins covered with setae, more numerous on sterna V–IX, sterna V–VI also with row of setae on posterior margin. Cerci with rows of setae at each joining, mainly on basal fourth; terminal filament much thinner and with whorls of setae almost on its entire length. Genital rudiments (Figs. 10–11): peneal buds U-shaped, forceps bisegmented basal segment with large ventral knob (k in Fig. 11).</p> <p> The association between the nymphal and adult stages was possible because both nymphs are pharate male subimagos ready to molt. Thus genital morphology could be studied and compared with the holotype male, sharing the following features: parastyli very short and pointed, large ventral knob on forceps base, and penes basally fused. Also the body size and general coloration coincide in both nymphs and adult. Only two species of the genus present very short and pointed parastyli, <i>T. harrisi</i> and <i>T. bellus</i>, but they can be easily separated because the last species is larger and much darker than the former (Molineri submitted). Furthermore, <i>T. bellus</i> is only known from Costa Rica while all the material attributed to <i>T. harrisi</i> is restricted to the Paraguay river basin. The nymph of <i>Tortopus harrisi</i> differs from the other three species known from this stage (<i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i>) in many important features, the most remarkable being the paired tubercles on the mandibular tusks (Figs. 1, 6–7) but also in other characters treated below.</p> <p> Campsurinae nymphs show tufts or patches of short thick setae tightly grouped on dorsum of head, the largest of these tufts being located anteromedially to lateral ocelli. These patches are relatively small and elongated in <i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i> (t in Fig. 3) but larger and subovate in <i>T. harrisi</i> (Fig. 1). The fronto-clypeal area, anterior to the prominent frontal ridge, is somewhat concave and very developed in the species previously described, the apex of the clypeus being directed ventrally between the mandibular tusks (Figs. 4–5). On the contrary, in <i>T. harrisi</i> the frontoclypeal area is less developed and straight (Figs. 1–2), the apex of clypeus being distinctly marked and ending dorsally to the tusks (Fig. 2).</p> <p> Mandibles not only differ in the number of median tubercles, one subdistal (Fig. 3) in the triplet <i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i> but two (subdistal and submedian, Fig. 1) in <i>T. harrisi</i>, but also on the number and arrangement of spines and setae. The distinct ridge covered with strong short spines along the outer (dorso-lateral) margin of the tusks (Fig. 3) is only present in <i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i> (the tusks of <i>T. harrisi</i> are smooth in this area, Figs. 1, 6–7). Finally, the previously known nymphs present a large number of setae directed medially on inner margin of the tusks, but they are almost absent in <i>T. harrisi</i>. The legs are very similar in all four species, not only in the shape but also in setation. The only difference is in fore tibia-tarsus, much more projected distally in <i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i> (the projection being 2/3 of the total length of the claw) than in <i>T. harrisi</i> (only 2/5 of that length, Fig. 12).</p> <p> The following characters, of generic importance (Molineri 2008), are shared by all four species of <i>Tortopus</i> known as nymphs: the shape and location of the subapical tubercle on the mandibular tusk, the large finger-like gill on base of maxilla (Fig. 8), and the unilamellate gill on abdominal segment I (Fig. 9).</p> <p> The differences in the setation of the tusks and the form of the fronto-clypeal area are strong indicators of differences in habitat preference in <i>T. harrisi</i>. The nymphs of <i>T. puella</i>, <i>T. obscuripennis</i> and <i>T. sarae</i> inhabit U-shaped tunnels in hard clay river banks, and they use the dorsal surface of the tusks and the fronto-clypeal region to push the burrowed sediment out of their tunnels (Molineri 2008). <i>Tortopus harrisi</i> nymphs were collected with a drag and a surber on sandy substrate, and as they lack setae directed medially on the inner margin of the tusks and they show poorly developed fronto-clypeal region, it is probable that they do not burrow in clay substrate as the other species. Nevertheless all the biological aspects of this species remain unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Molineri, Carlos, Siegloch, Ana E. & Righi-Cavallaro, Karina O., 2010, The nymph of Tortopus harrisi Traver (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2436</i> on pages 65-68, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/194817">10.5281/zenodo.194817</a&gt