Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with Ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI)

A new chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by reacting these ions with the ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI) The preparation were conducted after fixing the optimum conditions such as (pH) and concentration .UV- visible spectra of these complex solutions were studied for a range of (pH) and concentration which obey lampert-Beers Law.The structures of complexes were deduced according to mole ratio method which were obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions .The ratios of metal: ligand obtained were (1:2) for all complexes..(UV-Vis) absorption spectra and The infrared spectra of the chelating complexes were studied ,this may indicate that coordination between the metal ions and our ligand takes place.The conductivity measurements , elemental analysis ,the percentage of some metal ions and the measurements of magnetic susceptibility of the complexes were determined ,Depending on these results , in addition to, We may conclude that the ligand was bidentate Also the proposed geometrical structures of the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd (II) ions are octahedra

Simulation of Longitudinal Stability Of Helicopter In Forward Flight

The present work describes the development of code for trim and longitudinal stability analysis of a helicopter in forward flight. In general, particular use of these codes can be made for parametric investigation of the effects of the external and internal systems integrated to UH-60 helicopters. A forward flight longitudinal dynamic stability code is also developed in the work to solve the longitudinal part of the whole coupled matrix of equations of motion of a helicopter in forward flight. The coupling is eliminated by linearization. The trim analysis results are used as inputs to the dynamic stability code. The forward flight stability code is applied to UH-60 helicopter

Association Between Serum Ferritin Level and Liver Function Tests in Children with Beta-Thalassemia (Thalassemia Center of Kut Hospital, Iraq)

Background: Thalassemia represents a heterogeneous autosomal recessive hereditary anemia.Ferritin is a 450 KDa soluble protein. It can be found in all of the body's cells, but it's particularly abundant in marrow macrophages, spleen, and liver.Objective: In patients with β thalassemia major and β thalassemia Intermedia, serum ferritin levels are measured, and their correlation with bilirubin levels, liver enzymes AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase), in beta-thalassemia major and β thalassemia Intermedia.Patients and Methods: A cross-section study that involved 90 patientsincluded 50 Thalassemia Major (TM) and 40 Thalassemia intermediate(TI). Patients who were randomly chosen for this study would be gathered from the Kut Hospital Thalassemia Center. Every patient's are kid, aged 5 to 17, regardless of gender. Abbott C4000 Architect Additionally, the TSB, ALT, AST, and serum ferritin were determined using the Cobas c 111 analyzer.Results: The studies include both genders 52.9% of the females had B-thalassemia major and 47.1% had β-thalassemia intermediate, whereas 57.1% of the men had βTM and 42.9% had βTI. There were 37.8% of females and 62.2% of males in the sample.Patients with severe thalassemia exhibited a statistically significant increase in the mean± SD of serum ferritin (4016.54 ± 2500.81 ng/ml) compared to the mean ± SD of β-thalassemia intermedia (1629.48 ± 1235.33 ng/ml), with a p-value of 0.000. Patients with major β-thalassemia had a mean TSB level that was statistically significantly lower (1.32 ± 0.69 mg/dl) than the mean level of β-thalassemia intermedia (2.10 ± 0.86 mg/dl), with a p-value of 0.000. In the B-thalassemia major group, serum hepcidin did not exhibit a statistically significant association with serum ferritin (r=-0.04), while in the B-thalassemia intermedia group, serum ferritin exhibited a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with TSB (r=-0.38), p-value. 0.01.Conclusions: Ferritin levels may be useful in thalassemia syndrome diagnosis and prognosis determination

Detection of BRAFV600E Biomarker In Patients With Colorectal Cancer Using Immunohistochemical Techniques / Clinico-Pathological Study

Background : Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 4th common gastrointestinal cancer. (BRAFV600E) is a member of RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases that function to regulate the (MAPK) / (ERK) pathway. BRAFV600E mutated CRC are associated with right-sided primary tumors, older women and high-grade tumors. Aims of the study: Study the immunohistochemical expression of BRAFV600E biomarker in a sample of Iraqi patients with colorectal cancer and the correlation of BRAFV600E expression with other clinicopathological variables such as patient's age and tumor grade.   Materials and Methods : in this prospective study a total of 90 colorectal cases of a sample of Iraqi patients were collected from teaching labs of AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital including 60 cases of colorectal carcinoma and 30 cases of colorectal adenoma.   Result: BRAFV600E biomarker was positive in 16.6% of colorectal carcinoma group and negative in colorectal adenoma group.   Conclusions: BRAF expression was higher in older patients ages & higher tumor stages and there is no expression of BRAFV600E in adenoma cases.  

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS ON FERTILITY IN WILDLIFE: FROM AMPHIBIANS TO MAMMALS

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are contaminants that interrelate with wildlife's endocrine systems, producing negative influences on reproductive health and growth. Industrial pollutants, medicines and pesticides are between the chemicals that have develop a main source of worry due to of their pervasiveness in the environment and capability to reason ecological damage. This study brings both present data on the effects of EDCs on reproductive health in a diversity of animal species, particularly birds, fish, frogs, and mammals. Amphibians, together their complex life cycles and pored skin are particularly susceptible to EDCs. In relation to studies, contact to chemicals such as atrazine able to damage sexual development, causing in slanted sex proportions and developmental irregularities. Fish, which are significant indicators of marine ecosystem health, exhibition changed sexual development and reproductive disappointments due to of EDCs like estrogenic compounds and PCBs. Birds are harmed via EDCs like DDT, which leading to reproductive failures and eggshell thinning, influencing general population health. Mammals, reaching from little rodents to enormous animals, developmental defects, display lower fertility and behavioral alterations in reply to EDC exposure. Such EDCs clearly and profoundly affect reproductive health via altering gene expression, blocking receptors and mimicking hormones. Studies provide wide-ranging insights for these pathways, while field investigations afford experimental evidence of the effects of EDCs. Bio-monitoring methods, like tissue analysis and health markers, are very important to determining exposure levels and results. Identifying the influence of EDCs on animal reproductive health is significant for conservation initiatives and emerging regulation. Effective regulations might contain limiting the usage of dangerous chemicals and establishing monitoring systems to checked EDC levels in environment and the animals. Conservation efforts must prioritize habitat management and refurbishment because offset the effects of EDCs and safeguard endangered species. This research confirms the requirement for ongoing research and work to address the issues presented via endocrine disruption in animal populations. The research will explore how toxic chemicals disturb nature reproduction via analyzing variations in mating habits, sexual development, and fertility. It will examine how these materials influence hormonal systems via inhibiting receptors and mimicking hormones. Additionally, the research will observe current legislation governing these chemicals, assess their effectiveness, and refer for greater animal protection

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS ON FERTILITY IN WILDLIFE: FROM AMPHIBIANS TO MAMMALS

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are contaminants that interrelate with wildlife's endocrine systems, producing negative influences on reproductive health and growth. Industrial pollutants, medicines and pesticides are between the chemicals that have develop a main source of worry due to of their pervasiveness in the environment and capability to reason ecological damage. This study brings both present data on the effects of EDCs on reproductive health in a diversity of animal species, particularly birds, fish, frogs, and mammals. Amphibians, together their complex life cycles and pored skin are particularly susceptible to EDCs. In relation to studies, contact to chemicals such as atrazine able to damage sexual development, causing in slanted sex proportions and developmental irregularities. Fish, which are significant indicators of marine ecosystem health, exhibition changed sexual development and reproductive disappointments due to of EDCs like estrogenic compounds and PCBs. Birds are harmed via EDCs like DDT, which leading to reproductive failures and eggshell thinning, influencing general population health. Mammals, reaching from little rodents to enormous animals, developmental defects, display lower fertility and behavioral alterations in reply to EDC exposure. Such EDCs clearly and profoundly affect reproductive health via altering gene expression, blocking receptors and mimicking hormones. Studies provide wide-ranging insights for these pathways, while field investigations afford experimental evidence of the effects of EDCs. Bio-monitoring methods, like tissue analysis and health markers, are very important to determining exposure levels and results. Identifying the influence of EDCs on animal reproductive health is significant for conservation initiatives and emerging regulation. Effective regulations might contain limiting the usage of dangerous chemicals and establishing monitoring systems to checked EDC levels in environment and the animals. Conservation efforts must prioritize habitat management and refurbishment because offset the effects of EDCs and safeguard endangered species. This research confirms the requirement for ongoing research and work to address the issues presented via endocrine disruption in animal populations. The research will explore how toxic chemicals disturb nature reproduction via analyzing variations in mating habits, sexual development, and fertility. It will examine how these materials influence hormonal systems via inhibiting receptors and mimicking hormones. Additionally, the research will observe current legislation governing these chemicals, assess their effectiveness, and refer for greater animal protection

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially