GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLUEBERRY VARIETIES PLANTS INTRODUCED IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF TASHKENT REGION

The duration of the growing season of blueberry varieties, which are introduced into the conditions of the central climate of Uzbekistan, is in the range of 213-221 days. In this case, the shortest period is 213 days in the Toro and Darrou varieties, the longest period is 220-221 days in the Patriot and Legasi varieties, and the duration of the growing season of the remaining varieties is in the range of 215-218 day

IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION PROCESS OF CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES FROM FOXGLOVE PLANTS

Foxglove (Digitalis spp.) is a plant known for its cardiac glycoside content, which has been used in medicine for centuries. Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin and digitoxin, are the main components that have a therapeutic effect on the cardiovascular system. This research examines the cardiac glycoside content of various Digitalis species, with a focus on extraction methods, isolation and characteristics of these compounds. Methods used include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The analysis results showed that Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata were the main sources of cardiac glycosides. Digoxin and digitoxin were isolated and identified as the main active components. Pharmacological studies show that this compound interacts with the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which increases cardiac contractility and is used in the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias. Cardiac glycosides from the foxglove plant play an important role in cardiovascular therapy. Further research is needed to develop more efficient extraction methods and understand the deeper mechanisms of action, as well as potential side effects associated with long-term use

Navigating the Immune Response Landscape of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infections

Both the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are viral pathogens that primarily target the liver and can lead to chronic liver disease. The nature of the immune response that the host mounts can vary depending on the structural differences between these two viruses. HBV is a partially double-stranded DNA virus enveloped in an outer envelope with a relatively stable genome and limited antigenic variation. It consists of an inner nucleocapsid core containing viral DNA, viral polymerase, and core antigen (HBcAg). The envelope comprises surface antigens (HBsAg) important for viral entry and immune recognition. HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus with an envelope. It has a high degree of genetic diversity due to its error-prone RNA polymerase, resulting in multiple HCV genotypes and subtypes due to its high mutation rate. Both viruses activate innate immune responses, producing type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. HBV can actively fight these antiviral responses in several ways, such as by making viral proteins that mess up the innate immune signalling pathways. At the same time, HCV developed strategies to evade and modulate the host's innate immune system, allowing it to establish persistent infections. The adaptive immune response against HBV and HCV involves both humoral and cellular components. Antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) are critical for viral clearance and protection. CD8+ T cells are also very important for controlling HBV infection because they find and kill infected hepatocytes. During infection, HCV-specific antibodies and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are made. However, HCV can evade immune responses by rapidly mutating its surface proteins (e.g., E2) and modulating T-cell responses. It is important to note that the immune response to HBV and HCV is a complex and dynamic process that involves various factors beyond the structural differences described above. Host factors, viral load, viral persistence, and the interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses also significantly influence the outcome of the infectio

ACCURACY OF CBCT IN MANDIBULAR CONDYLE VOLUMETRIC AND SURFACE MEASUREMENT: LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in in the measurement and diagnosis of mandibular condyle morphology, in comparison to other diagnostic devices. The design and method In order to achieve our study, we searched several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We only considered studies published between 2005 and 2023. Our review was focused on clinical trials, meta-analysis, article reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The exclusion criteria included patients with certain medical conditions, jaw abnormalities, jaw fractures, and animal experiments. The studies we analyzed had to address one specific question: What is the diagnostic accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) compared to conventional tomography?             conclusion: CBCT has become a cost- and dose-effective alternative to CT for examining the condyle and also TMJs. This imaging method is better than conventional radiographic methods and MRI in assessing osseous TMJ abnormalities, despite being more sensitive to motion artifacts. In addition, CBCT-MRI fused images can significantly improve the reliability of observers in determining anterior disc displacement and bone changes of the TMJ. This technology can also be utilized to improve diagnostic efficacy, especially for inexperienced residents

DIAGNOSIS OF SOME CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES USING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH

Through the patient samples that we obtained from Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, some of them were suffering from high rates (a very critical condition), which led to death for some patients, while others were suffering from low rates. Over time, with treatment, their conditions became stable and they were discharged from the hospital. Some Some of them are in critical condition and may take a long time to recover, and this is what was written in the patient records (patient charts) in the hospital. All of these cases and percentages were identified and diagnosed by an electrocardiogram (ECG) device. Cardiovascular diseases were also discussed in detail in In the first chapter, the ECG device is a painless method that helps in diagnosing many common heart problems in the second chapter. In the third chapter, the devices used in measuring (ECG) were discussed, and it was learned how to conduct a medical examination for the patient, the steps of the examination, the reasons for performing the examination, and the uses of the examination. Electrocardiography, the risks of conducting the examination, the type of medical examination for males and females, and its unit of measurement. In the fourth chapter, we discussed the samples obtained from Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, explaining each one of them, and comparing them with the healthy sample from a healthy hear

TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COPPER SULPHATE ON CHANNA ORIENTALIS AND HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS: LC50 VALUES AND MORTALITY ANALYSIS

The adverse effects of heavy metals, particularly copper sulphate, released from industrial effluents on aquatic life are well-documented. In this study, we determined the LC50 values of copper sulphate for two freshwater air-breathing fish species, Channa orientalis (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The LC50 values for Channa orientalis were determined to be 33 ppm at 24 hours, 32 ppm at 48 hours, 21 ppm at 72 hours, and 7.5 ppm at 96 hours. For Heteropneustes fossilis, the corresponding LC50 values were 15 ppm at 24 hours, 13 ppm at 48 hours, 9.5 ppm at 72 hours, and 5 ppm at 96 hours. We observed a significant increase in mucus secretion at higher concentrations of copper sulphate as compared to lower concentrations. The potential mechanisms of fish mortality under these conditions are also discussed in detai

METHODS OF CORRECTING PSYCHIC DEPRIVATION IN THE PUPILS OF THE “KINDNESS” HOUSE

This article will talk about the specific psychological characteristics of the Breeders of the Houses of “kindness”, the tasks set before the state and society in preparing them for an independent life as a full-fledged person. Ham also touched on the work activities of a practical psychologist with children and adolescents brought up in orphanages

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT - BIOINSECTICIDE

In this article Bacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis on the bacterial strain thuringiensis Uzviti М №1, data are presented on the research work on the study of the insecticidal properties being carried out at the same time on the experimental series of the biological drug bioinsecticid, which was first prepared in a laboratory settin

Detection and Quantification of Human Herpes Viruses Types-6 and Cytomegaly Viruses in Sperm Samples of Patients with Fertility Disorders

Background; Viral infections are common around the world and cause many health problems. Infertility in men is a widespread health problem that can affect lifestyle and psychological state. Aims of the study; Study of the effect of herpes virus type 6 and cytomegalovirus on infertility disorders in men. Methodology; A case control study was done for a 100 specimens collected from men.  This study has been conducted in Al Sader Medical City / Infertility Center / Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and privet Center Dr. Ali Al-Ibrahimi for Embryos and Infertility in najaf . During the period from 10/10/ 2023 to 10/4/2024. The current study consisted of a sample size of 100 males, which was subsequently separated into two groups. The control group comprised 40 fertile men, aged 25 to 45 years, who had experienced both primary and secondary fecundity for at least twelve months. The Patients Cases group, consisting of sixty infertile males aged between 22 and 46 years, was categorized into two subgroups based on the type of infertility. There were forty-six guys who were classified as main infertility.  There were a total of fourteen men who experienced secondary infertility. Male participants who are reproductive age, normal seminal analysis which is healthy and have a child as a Control group (Fertile men). Name of patient, sample number, Age (years), Education, housing area, Type of work, height, weight, Smoking, chronic diseases, History of surgery, Primary infertility, Secondary infertility, Sperm count, Sperm motility and Sperm morphology. Detection of CMV in semen plasma by CMV ELISA kit and detection of HHV 6 in semen plasma by HHV 6 ELISA kit. Result; The results showed that there was no statistical significance in age between the two groups. They also showed that there was statistical significance in smoking, type of infertility, and duration of infertility. The results showed statistical significance in the results for herpes and cytomegalovirus. There is also no statistical significance regarding the number of cases of cytomegalovirus infection according to age. On the contrary, there was statistical significance regarding age in herpes. The results also indicated that there was statistical evidence in the sperm analysis between the two groups. Conclusions; The statistical evidence between the two groups in the number of infection cases for all groups or by age indicates the role of viral infections in causing infertility in men

EVALUATING THE OUTCOMES OF POSTPARTUM INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN IRAQI WOMEN

Background: In the United States, there is not enough new data about how many infections after birth happen or how likely certain problems will be if they occur. In Germany, some research shows that about 10% of women who die while giving birth are killed by blood poisoning. Objective: This study is interested to determine clinical findings of postpartum infectious complications related to Iraqi women. Patients and methods: 88 women enrolled in different hospitals in Iraq for delivery or postpartum care and they were screened for their vital signs during this period. Any woman with a fever (> 38.0 °C) or body temperature