Shear Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Beams with Openings Strengthened using various systems and materials

This study presents the findings of an experiment conducted on eleven identical fiber-reinforced concrete beams with two large rectangular openings strategically positioned at the maximum shear zone. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare various strengthening techniques for these beams. The beams were subjected to two-point loading while supported in a simply supported manner. Two reference specimens were included: a solid control beam and a control beam with two large openings. The remaining beams were externally strengthened using a range of methods around the openings, including vertical and inclined schemes. Strengthening materials such as GFRP sheets, steel plates, steel bars, epoxy Sikadur 31cf, and GFRP bars with epoxy were utilized. The study focused on investigating parameters of interest, including shear capacity, failure mode, ultimate and first cracking load, crack pattern, ductility, and beam stiffness. The introduction of web openings resulted in a reduction of approximately 59.8% in shear capacity compared to a control solid beam. However, the application of strengthening techniques proved effective in enhancing shear capacity, first crack strength, and load-deflection behavior. The strengthening materials restored shear capacity by 40% to 146% and reduced deflection by 27.5% to 62.5% compared to the reference beam with openings. Ductility increased by 4% to 106%, and stiffness improved by 7% to 97% compared to the control beam with openings. The inclined reinforcement scheme exhibited greater efficacy in enhancing the load-carrying capability of the beams. Among the various strengthening materials employed, inclined GFRP sheets demonstrated the highest effectiveness and superior performance

Shear Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Beams with Openings Strengthened using various systems and materials

This study presents the findings of an experiment conducted on eleven identical fiber-reinforced concrete beams with two large rectangular openings strategically positioned at the maximum shear zone. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare various strengthening techniques for these beams. The beams were subjected to two-point loading while supported in a simply supported manner. Two reference specimens were included: a solid control beam and a control beam with two large openings. The remaining beams were externally strengthened using a range of methods around the openings, including vertical and inclined schemes. Strengthening materials such as GFRP sheets, steel plates, steel bars, epoxy Sikadur 31cf, and GFRP bars with epoxy were utilized. The study focused on investigating parameters of interest, including shear capacity, failure mode, ultimate and first cracking load, crack pattern, ductility, and beam stiffness. The introduction of web openings resulted in a reduction of approximately 59.8% in shear capacity compared to a control solid beam. However, the application of strengthening techniques proved effective in enhancing shear capacity, first crack strength, and load-deflection behavior. The strengthening materials restored shear capacity by 40% to 146% and reduced deflection by 27.5% to 62.5% compared to the reference beam with openings. Ductility increased by 4% to 106%, and stiffness improved by 7% to 97% compared to the control beam with openings. The inclined reinforcement scheme exhibited greater efficacy in enhancing the load-carrying capability of the beams. Among the various strengthening materials employed, inclined GFRP sheets demonstrated the highest effectiveness and superior performance

Cytogenetic Estimation of Broccoli Extract on Dexamethasone Treated Mice

The current study was intended to evaluate the active compounds found in hydro-alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. italica(broccoli), also to estimates the percentage of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) ,mitotic index (MI) and micronuclei (MN) formation in mouse bone marrow cells .The mice were divided into, negative group received (0.2 ml of  Distilled Water)intraperitoneally ,positive group I was given single dose of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg for 24 h) and positive group II (acute toxicity assay) administrated with (0.2 ml) of  high level dose (800 mg/kg) of extract for 5 days. Interaction groups treated with  different doses of extract (50,100,200,400 and 600 mg/kg) for 5 days in addition to a single ( 0.4 mg/kg) of dexamethasone per each dose of extract. High level dose (800mg/kg) of broccoli extract had show null genotoxicity for bone marrow cells of mouse. Dexamethasone showed significant effects (P< 0.05)  in reducing mitotic index and increased chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei  in mouse bone marrow cells (in vivo). Broccoli extract significantly increased MI and reduced (CA ,MN) (P< 0.05) especially at does (400 mg/kg). Keywords- mitotic index, Micronuclei formation ,Chromosomal aberrations , Dexamethasone, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), hydro-alcoholic extract

C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol level In Male Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level in serum is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ,this relationship is likely to be the cause it means elevated CRP leads to T2D in future . Our objective was to examine CRP in male Type 2 Diabetes(T2D) patients in different age ,we studied 120 male subjects divided to two groups according to their age. First group A age (31 - 40) year old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age: second group B age (41 – 50) years old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age. We examined blood sugar ,cholesterol and CRP in each group. and we toke the mean of samples in the same age in each data in all the 4 groups. Our data shows that CRP raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each .And cholesterol levels, and sugar levels raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each. CRP ,Cholesterol and sugar are higher in group B(T2D) than in group A(T2D),and in group B (control) than in group A (control). CRP level can predict diabetes but not causal, diabetes may cause a kind of inflammation (showed by high CRP) by its effect on body and this effect (inflammation) may cause rising CRP level