Evaluation of FSW Process Parameters of Dissimilar Aluminium Alloys

Friction stir welding (FSW) is relatively a new welding technology applied to join weldable Aluminum alloys and non- weldable Aluminum alloys that are widely used in many industrial applications such as aerospace, marine, automotive, and other industrial applications. In present research, dissimilar AA2024-T3 and AA6061-T6 Aluminum alloys of 3mm thickness was butt joined by using friction stir welding. The experimental study to optimize the welding parameters on tensile strength and bending test was carried out by Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experiments have been employed based on four welding parameters, namely, the tool traverse speed, rotational speed, tilt angle of tool and tool geometry. ANOVA technique and signal to Noise ratio were used to determine the most significant parameter that affects the mechanical properties of the weldment. X-ray radiographic, microstructure, microhardness tests have been conducted to demonstrate that samples subjected to the optimum welding parameters gave good quality and no defects have been observed. Keywords: FSW, aluminium alloys, dissimilar alloys, Taguchi Techniques, ANOVA, S/N ratio

Comparison Between Deterministic and Stochastic Model for Interaction (COVID-19) With Host Cells in Humans

في هذا البحث ,تم اقتراح النموذج الحتمي والعشوائي لدراسة تفاعل فيروس كورونا (كوفيد -19) مع الخلايا المضيفة داخل جسم الانسان  .في النموذج الحتمي تحدد قيمة رقم الاستنساخ الأساسي  استمرار أو انقراض كوفيد-19.اذا كان رقم الاستنساخ الأساسي أقل من واحد   فأن خلية واحدة مصابة ستصيب أقل من خلية واحدة ,وهذا يعني ان الشخص الذي يحمل فيروس كورونا قد تم شفاؤه. اذا كان رقم الاستنساخ الاساسي اكبر من واحد  ستكون الخلية المصابة قادرة على القضاء على مجموعة الخلايا المستهدفة .في النموذج التصادفي , نثبت أنه اذا كانت المعلمات التصادفية  كبيرة بدرجة كافية فأن هذه المعلمات التصادفية تعطينا  الانقراض النهائي للمرض على الرغم من رقم الاستنساخ الاساسي اكبر من واحد . وقد تم أثبات هذه الحقائق أيضا من خلال المحاكاة الحاسوبية.In this paper, the deterministic and the stochastic models are proposed to study the interaction of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) with host cells inside the human body. In the deterministic model, the value of the basic reproduction number   determines the persistence or extinction of the COVID-19. If   , one infected cell will transmit the virus to less than one cell, as a result,  the person carrying the Coronavirus will get rid of the disease .If   the infected cell  will be able to infect  all  cells that contain ACE receptors. The stochastic model proves that if  are sufficiently large then maybe  give  us ultimate disease extinction although ,  and this  facts also proved by computer simulation

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism Association in men Infertility in Erbil City /Kurdistan Iraq

عائلة الحريك الخلوي -1 لها أدوار متعددة في الجهاز التناسلي الذكري، ومن بينها مضادات مستقبلات الحريك الخلوي -1 (IL-1RN) الموجودة في الغدد التناسلية الذكرية، حيث تزداد نشاطها عند الاصابات بالعدوى والالتهاب. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من وجود صلة محتملة لتعدد الأشكال المترادفة المترادفة (VNTR) للجين IL-1RN مع العقم عند الذكور. شملت مجموعات الدراسة المسجلين 100 من الرجال المصابين بالعقم و 100 من الرجال الأصحاء. حيث تم تحليل السوائل المنوية للمجموعات المشاركة. تم جمع عينات الدم المحيطي لتقييم أو الكشف عن تعدد الأشكال المترادفة المترادفة (VNTR) لجين مضادات مستقبلات الحريك الخلوي -1 (IL-1RN) لنمطين من الاليلاتأليل IL-1RN1 يتوافق مع 410 زوج قاعديIL-11RN2 يتوافق مع 240وج قاعدي كعلامة على العقم عند الذكور، باستخدام تقنية PCR حددت النتائج ارتفاع وتيرة التغاير الاليلي IL-1RN2   (26٪) ، واثنين من التغاير الاليلي VNTR ناقلات IL-1RN1 و IL-1RN2  (16٪) من الرجال المصابين بالعقم مع تأثيرات كبيرة على حركة الحيوانات المنوية واشكالها (P<0.000-0.002) على التوالي. هذه الدراسة التى تم تقييمها في إقليم كردستان (أربيل – العراق) والتى حددت تأثيراً كبيراً لتعدد الأشكال المترادفة المتعاقبة VNTR لجين IL-1RN في مسببات العقم عند الذكور خاصة على حركية الحيوانات المنوية واشكالها، ولا سيما ناقلات أليلية البديل IL-1RN2.The interleukin-1 family has multifaceted roles in men٫s reproductive syste. Out  of these is interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) which exists in men gonads, and in case of infection and inflammatory process, its activity is increased.  The current study aims to verify a possible linkage of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene with human men infertility. The study groups enrolled included 100 infertile men and 100 fertile and healthy men. Their seminal fluids were subjected to analysis. Also peripheral blood samples were collected for the assessment or detection of polymorphic Variable Number  Tandem Repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN). Two alleles, namely IL-1RN1 allele corresponding to 410bp fragment and IL-11RN2 that corresponding to 240bp fragments,  are a marker for human men infertility, detected by PCR technique. The results delineated a high frequency of IL-1RN2 allelic gene variants (26%), and two VNTR allelic gene variants carriers IL-1RN1 and IL-1RN2 (16%) among  infertile men with significant impacts on sperm motility and morphology (P< 0.000-0.002) respectively. This prospective study inKurdistan region (Erbil –Iraq)  defined a significant impact of VNTR polymorphism of IL-1RN gene in the etiology of men infertility especially on sperm motility and morphology; particularly carriers of IL-1RN2 allelic variant

Inhibitory Effects of Chalcone on the Replication of Poliovirus in Vitro

The compound chalcon originally is extracted form some plant and herbs, the studies of the antiviral activity of this compound were done in two cell line cultures the L2OB and RD, the compound relatively non toxic to both cell lines of the concentration of 32?g/ml or less ,the compound have significantly anti poliovirus activity in both L2OB cell line and RD cell line, we find that the concentration of 0.03 ?g/ml or more inhibit the 100TCDID50 of the poliovirus .The therapeutic index(TI)used in this study to evaluate the drug activity ,( TI is the ratio of dose of drug which is just toxic to the cells to the does which is just inhibit the viral multiplication, if this index more than one the margin of safety of drug is according great ) .In this study the TI of chalcone against poliovirus is 266,therefore this compound if used in man have little or no side effect

Imaging features of rare mesenychmal liver tumours: beyond haemangiomas.

Tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue components such as vascular, fibrous and adipose tissue can manifest in the liver. Although histopathology is often necessary for definitive diagnosis, many of these lesions exhibit characteristic imaging features. The radiologist plays an important role in suggesting the diagnosis, which can direct appropriate immunohistochemical staining at histology. The aim of this review is to present clinical and imaging findings of a spectrum of mesenchymal liver tumours such as haemangioma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma, lipoma, PEComa, angiosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, solitary fibrous tumour, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and hepatic metastases. Knowledge of the characteristic features of these tumours will aid in guiding the radiologic diagnosis and appropriate patient management

Preprocessing signal for Speech Emotion Recognition

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce and study preprocessing signal for speech emotion recognition. The aim of our work is to get pure signal which is created by sampling the signal from speaker. The discrimination between speech and music waves was achieved. A good signal is obtained by using preprocessing then it used for feature extraction. The files we used in this paper are wave-type for male, female and music have sample rate 48000, bit resolution is 16-bits and Mono channel. The Berlin dataset and RAVDESS dataset are used in this work

THE EFFECT OF MITOMYCIN-C ON CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL COUNT AFTER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY

Purpose: The goal of the study is to assess changes in central corneal endothelial cell density after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02% in patients with myopia. Methods: This case control study included 66 eyes of 33 patients (22 cases&11 controls), aged 18 to 40 years. All were myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error -3.00 to -10.00D), who had photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The treatment group was exposed to single intraoperative application of MMC 0.02% for 50 seconds while; the control group had the surgery without the use of MMC.  Specular microscopic assessment was done preoperatively and repeated 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after surgery for each eye to set changes in central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and coefficient of variation in cell size (CV). Results: Forty-four eyes of 22 cases with mean age of 27.5±6.16,  range 18 to 40 years) and twenty-two eyes of 11 control patients with mean age of 25.4±5 years (range 19 to 34 years) underwent photorefractive keratectomy. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was −6.2±1 (range −3.00 to −10.00). Three months after the operation the mean ECD was reduced significantly by 6.8% (p<0.05) from 2702.09 cells/mm² preoperatively to 2517.41cells/mm² for right eye and 5.4%(p<0.05) from 2687 cells/mm² to 2543 cells/mm² for the left eye in the treatment group whereas, the control group showed slight reduction in ECD (3%) from 2713 cells/mm² to 2630 cells/mm² (p= 0.32). There was no significant change in coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), (P=0.52) at 3 months. Conclusion: Application of MMC 0.02% for 50 seconds during PRK in patients with myopia significantly affects central corneal endothelial cell density after three months follow up period. Key words: photorefractive keratectomy, endothelial cell, Mitomycin-C, Myopi

Analyzing of Drill Stem Test (DST) Result for Dual Porosity Limestone Reservoir

The aim of this paper is to discuss and evaluate the result of DST which was conducted in a limestone reservoir of an oil field at the depth interval 3764.29-3903.0 meter in well-1 to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the reservoirs, for instance: skin effect, permeability, wellbore storage, reservoir boundary and average reservoir pressure. Reservoir Pressure profiles has been recorded for both Buildup and draw down intervals.  Semi-log and log-log coordinates have been used to plot the pressure signature date of both buildup period and its derivative to improve diagnostic and Horner plot. In addition, a dual porosity reservoir and infinite acting characteristic was discovered as a result of the well test data interpretation. Wellbore storage, skin factor and transient flow effects have been detected in the DST analysis on the dual porosity behavior due to phase re distribution.  Using final buildup sections, the flow parameters of dual porosity reservoir were determined as the flow between fissure and matrix was (7.558 x 10-6) while, the storability ratio between fissure and matrix was calculated as 0.3 and permeability is 102 MD for both matrix and the fissure together. However, negative value of skin factor mostly appears in double porosity limestone reservoirs, positive skin factor of the reservoir has been observed in this study. It can be considered that the positive skin factor can be resulted in either the formation was partially penetrated and /or wells were not cleaned up properly

Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:: clinicopathological and molecular investigations study

Dirofilaria immitis, the cause of heartworm infestation (HWI) or dirofilariasis, affects members of the Canidae and remains a worldwide clinical problem. In Iraq, dirofilariasis was believed absent until 2009, when the Karbala Governorate was reported as an endemic area for canine dirofilariasis. Consequently, this study intended to investigate the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in police dogs in one police academy in Iraq and to study the gross and histopathological changes in 5 dead dogs, as well as to identify the species of the causative parasite using PCR technique. Thirty-nine police dogs, aged between 6 months and 12 years were included in this study. For the microfilariae investigation, 5 ml blood samples were collected from all dogs in EDTA tubes and examined by Knott’s method. The systemic necropsy performed in five dead dogs showed severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis and tissue specimens were sent for routine histopathological processing. For the molecular analysis, adult worms of the detected Dirofilaria spp. were used for DNA extraction andamplification of the cox1 gene. Fifteen of 39 (38.46%) dogs were diagnosed with moderate to severe microfilariasis. The dead dogs revealed typical severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis. Moreover, typical gross and histopathological changes were also seen, accompanied by generalized thromboembolic lesions, suggesting the occurrence of the caval syndrome. The PCR investigation confirmed that D. immitis was the species present in Iraq. In conclusion, this study establishes that Iraq is a newly reported endemic area for dirofilariasis. Moreover, the infestation occurring in these cases most probably happened inside Iraq. The authors recommend doing further epidemiological studies concerning the occurrence of D. immitis in local dogs as well as in the imported dogs in all Iraqi governorates to better understand the epidemiological map of this disease and to introduce an active treatment and preventive program. Awareness and education regarding this disease should be provided to the veterinarians, dog guiders and people in direct contact with dogs, as this disease is one of the important zoonotic diseases.A Dirofilaria immitis, causadora da infestação pelo verme do coração (IVC) ou dirofilariose afeta os membros da família Canidae e ainda é um problema clínico mundial. Até o ano de 2009, acreditava-se que o Iraque fosse livre da dirofilariose, porém nessa ocasião a governadoria de Kerbala foi relatada como uma área endêmica de dirofilariose. Assim, o presente trabalho foi realizado para investigar a ocorrência da Dirofilaria immitis em cães policiais em uma academia de polícia do Iraque, estudar as alterações macroscópicas e histopatológicas em cinco cães mortos, bem como, identificar as espécies do parasita causador com o emprego da técnida de PCR. Trinta e nove cães policiais com 6 meses a 12 anos de idade foram incluídos no estudo. Amostras de sangue de cinco mililitros foram colhidas por animal, em tubos com EDTA e foram examinadas pelo método de Knott. A necropsia sistêmica foi realizada em cinco cães que haviamapresentado sinais clínicos severos de dirofilariose e espécimens dos seus tecidos foram enviados para o processamento histopatológico de rotina. Para a análise molecular dos vermes adultos de Dirofilaria spp, foi empregada a extração do DNA e a amplificação do gene cox1. Quinze de 39(38,46%) cães foram diagnosticados com uma microfilariase variável de moderada para severa. As alterações macroscópicas e histopatológicas foram acompanhadas por lesões generalizadas tromboembólicas sugestivas da ocorrência da síndrome da veia cava. A investigação de PCR confirmou que a D.immitis era a espécie presente no Iraque. A conclusão do estudo estabeleceu que o Iraque deve passar a ser considerado como uma nova área endêmica da dirofilariose. Além da infestação registrada nos casos descritos é provável que ela também esteja presente em outras regiões do Iraque. Os autores recomendam a realização de estudos epidemiológicos para investigar a ocorrência de D.immitis tanto nos cães locais bem como em cães importados em todas as governadorias do Iraque, para ser construído o mapa epidemiológico da distribuição da doença e implantadas as ações de tratamento e de um progrma preventivo. Ações de educação em saúde sobre a doença deverão ser dirigidas para os veterinários, tratadores de cães e para pessoas em geral que tenham contato com os cães, pois esta doença é uma importante zoonose